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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §2.39.1-2.39.3

Conflicting Accounts of Tarpeia and the Opening of the Gate

Passage 130 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The author contrasts Piso's account, in which Tarpeia intended to deceive the Sabines to help Rome, with Fabius's account, in which she simply kept her traitorous promise, leading up to her opening the gate and demanding her reward.

§2.39.1μέχρι μὲν δὴ τούτων συμφέρονται πάντες οἱ Ῥωμαίων συγγραφεῖς, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕστερον λεγομένοις οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι.
Up to this point, indeed, all the Roman historians agree, but in the accounts that follow they differ.
Πείσων γὰρ ὁ τιμητικός, οὗ καὶ πρότερον ἐμνήσθην, ἄγγελόν φησιν ὑπὸ τῆς Ταρπείας ἀποσταλῆναι νύκτωρ ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου δηλώσοντα τῷ Ῥωμύλῳ τὰς γενομένας τῇ κόρῃ πρὸς τοὺς Σαβίνους ὁμολογίας, ὅτι μέλλοι τὰ σκεπαστήρια παρʼ αὐτῶν αἰτεῖν ὅπλα διὰ τῆς κοινότητος τῶν ὁμολογιῶν παρακρουσαμένη, δύναμίν τε ἀξιώσοντα πέμπειν ἐπὶ τὸ φρούριον ἑτέραν νυκτός, ὡς αὐτῷ στρατηλάτῃ παραληψόμενον τοὺς πολεμίους γυμνοὺς τῶν ὅπλων· τὸν δὲ ἄγγελον αὐτομολήσαντα πρὸς τὸν ἡγεμόνα τῶν Σαβίνων κατήγορον γενέσθαι τῶν τῆς Ταρπείας βουλευμάτων.
For Piso the censor, whom I mentioned before, says that a messenger was sent by Tarpeia by night from the fortress to inform Romulus of the agreements made by the maiden with the Sabines, namely, that she intended to demand from them their defensive weapons, having deceived them by means of the ambiguity of the agreement, and to request him to send another force to the fortress by night, in order that he himself as commander might capture the enemy stripped of their weapons; but that the messenger deserted to the leader of the Sabines and became the betrayer of Tarpeia's plans.
§2.39.2οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Φάβιόν τε καὶ Κίγκιον οὐδὲν τοιοῦτο γεγονέναι λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ φυλάξαι τὴν κόρην διαβεβαιοῦνται τὰς περὶ τῆς προδοσίας συνθήκας.
But Fabius and Cincius and their followers say that no such thing happened, but they maintain that the maiden kept the contract concerning the treachery.
τὰ δʼ ἑξῆς ἅπαντες πάλιν ὁμοίως γράφουσι.
As for the subsequent events, however, all write in the same way again.
φασὶ γὰρ ὅτι παραγενομένου σὺν τῷ κρατίστῳ τῆς στρατιᾶς μέρει τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Σαβίνων φυλάττουσα τὰς ὑποσχέσεις ἡ Τάρπεια τοῖς μὲν πολεμίοις ἀνέῳξε τὴν συγκειμένην πυλίδα, τοὺς δʼ ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ φύλακας ἀναστήσασα διαταχέων σώζειν ἑαυτοὺς ἠξίου καθʼ ἑτέρας ἐξόδους τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀφανεῖς, ὡς κατεχόντων ἤδη τῶν Σαβίνων τὸ φρούριον· §2.39.3διαφυγόντων δὲ τούτων τοὺς μὲν Σαβίνους ἀνεῳγμένας εὑρόντας τὰς πύλας κατασχεῖν τὸ φρούριον ἔρημον τῶν φυλάκων, τὴν δὲ Τάρπειαν ὡς τὰ παρʼ ἑαυτῆς ὅσα συνέθετο παρεσχημένην ἀξιοῦν τοὺς μισθοὺς τῆς προδοσίας κατὰ τοὺς ὅρκους ἀπολαβεῖν.
For they say that when the king of the Sabines arrived with the best part of his army, Tarpeia, keeping her promises, opened the agreed postern gate to the enemy, and having aroused the guards in the fortress, urged them to save themselves as quickly as possible by other exits unseen by the enemy, on the ground that the Sabines were already occupying the stronghold; and that when these had escaped, the Sabines, finding the gates open, took possession of the fortress, which was empty of guards, while Tarpeia, on the ground that she had performed all her part of the agreement, demanded to receive the rewards of her treachery according to the oaths.

Notes

  1. 2.39.1κοινότητος τῶν ὁμολογιῶν — The 'shared nature' or 'ambiguity' of the agreement. It refers to the overlapping vocabulary that allowed Tarpeia to demand defensive weapons (shields), which were also carried on the left arm, whereas the Sabines had understood the agreement to refer only to their gold bracelets.
  2. 2.39.1ὡς αὐτῷ στρατηλάτῃ παραληψόμενον — The future participle `παραληψόμενον` with `ὡς` expresses the subjective purpose of Romulus (implied in the accusative) as reported by the messenger. `αὐτῷ στρατηλάτῃ` ('himself as commander') is in the dative, agreeing with the preceding `Ῥωμύλῳ`.
  3. 2.39.2ὡς κατεχόντων ἤδη τῶν Σαβίνων — A genitive absolute construction (`κατεχόντων... τῶν Σαβίνων`) introduced by `ὡς`, which indicates the subjective pretext or justification offered by Tarpeia to urge the guards to flee ('on the grounds that the Sabines were already in possession of the fort').
  4. 2.39.3ἀξιοῦν — An infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive construction, with `τὴν δὲ Τάρπειαν` as its subject, continuing the indirect speech introduced by `φασὶ γάρ` (or `ὅτι`) in the preceding section (§2.39.2).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §2.39.1-2.39.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.39.1-2.39.3

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