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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §2.38.1-2.38.5

Tarpeia's Treachery and the Secret Pact for the Citadel

Passage 129 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Tatius, king of the Sabines, is initially stymied by the strong Roman defenses, but Tarpeia, the daughter of the commander of the Capitoline fortress, offers to betray and deliver up the stronghold in exchange for the ornaments on the Sabines' left arms (or to disarm them, according to another account).

§2.38.1μαθὼν δὲ τὴν παρασκευὴν αὐτῶν Τάτιος ὁ τῶν Σαβίνων βασιλεὺς νυκτὸς ἀναστήσας τὸν στρατὸν ἦγε διὰ τῆς χώρας οὐδὲν σινόμενος τῶν κατὰ τοὺς ἀγροὺς καὶ πρὶν ἀνατεῖλαι τὸν ἥλιον μεταξὺ τοῦ τε Κυρινίου καὶ τοῦ Καπιτωλίου τίθησιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὸν χάρακα.
When Tatius, the king of the Sabines, learned of their preparations, he set his army in motion by night and led them through the country, doing no damage to anything in the fields, and before the sun rose he pitched his camp in the plain between the Quirinal and the Capitoline hills.
ὁρῶν δὲ ἀσφαλεῖ πάντα φυλακῇ κατεχόμενα πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων, σφίσι δὲ οὐδὲν χωρίον ἀπολειπόμενον ὀχυρὸν εἰς πολλὴν ἐνέπιπτεν ἀπορίαν οὐκ ἔχων ὅ τι χρήσεται τῇ τριβῇ τοῦ χρόνου.
But seeing that everything was held by the enemy with a secure guard, and that no fortified place was left for them, he fell into great perplexity, not knowing how to employ the delay of time.
§2.38.2ἀμηχανοῦντι δὲ αὐτῷ παράδοξος εὐτυχία γίνεται παραδοθέντος τοῦ κρατίστου τῶν ὀχυρωμάτων κατὰ τοιάνδε τινὰ συντυχίαν.
In his helplessness, an unexpected piece of good fortune came to him, the strongest of their fortresses being delivered up to him by some such coincidence.
παρεξιόντας γὰρ τὴν ῥίζαν τοῦ Καπιτωλίου τοὺς Σαβίνους εἰς ἐπίσκεψιν, εἴ τι μέρος εὑρεθείη τοῦ λόφου κλοπῇ ληφθῆναι δυνατὸν ἢ βίᾳ, παρθένος τις ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεώρου κατεσκόπει θυγάτηρ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιφανοῦς, ᾧ προσέκειτο ἡ §2.38.3τοῦ χωρίου φυλακή, Τάρπεια ὄνομα·
For as the Sabines were passing along the base of the Capitoline to reconnoitre, in order to see if any part of the hill could be taken by surprise or by force, a certain virgin was watching them from the heights, the daughter of a distinguished man to whom was committed the guard of the place, Tarpeia by name.
καὶ αὐτὴν, ὡς μὲν Φάβιός τε καὶ Κίγκιος γράφουσιν, ἔρως εἰσέρχεται τῶν ψελλίων, ἃ περὶ τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς βραχίοσιν ἐφόρουν, καὶ τῶν δακτυλίων· χρυσοφόροι γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ Σαβῖνοι τότε καὶ Τυρρηνῶν οὐχ ἧττον ἁβροδίαιτοι· ὡς δὲ Πείσων Λεύκιος ὁ τιμητικὸς ἱστορεῖ, καλοῦ πράγματος ἐπιθυμία γυμνοὺς τῶν σκεπαστηρίων ὅπλων παραδοῦναι τοῖς πολίταις τοὺς πολεμίους.
And she, as Fabius and Cincius write, was seized with a desire for the bracelets which they wore on their left arms, and for their rings; for the Sabines were gold-wearers at that time and no less luxurious in their living than the Etruscans; but as Lucius Piso the censor relates, it was a desire for a noble deed that moved her, namely, to deliver up the enemy to the citizens stripped of their defensive arms.
ὁπότερον δὲ τούτων ἀληθέστερόν ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὕστερον γενομένων ἔξεστιν εἰκάζειν.
Which of these two accounts is more true may be conjectured from what happened afterwards.
§2.38.4πέμψασα δʼ οὖν τῶν θεραπαινίδων τινὰ διὰ πυλίδος, ἣν οὐδεὶς ἔμαθεν ἀνοιγομένην, ἠξίου τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Σαβίνων ἐλθεῖν αὑτῇ δίχα τῶν ἄλλων εἰς λόγους, ὡς ἐκείνῳ διαλεξομένη περὶ πράγματος ἀναγκαίου καὶ μεγάλου.
At any rate, having sent one of her handmaids through a postern gate, which no one perceived to be opened, she requested the king of the Sabines to come to a conference with her alone, as if she would speak with him about a necessary and important matter.
δεξαμένου δὲ τοῦ Τατίου τὸν λόγον κατʼ ἐλπίδα προδοσίας καὶ συνελθόντος εἰς τὸν ἀποδειχθέντα τόπον, προελθοῦσα εἰς ἐφικτὸν ἡ παρθένος ἐξεληλυθέναι μὲν νυκτὸς ἐκ τοῦ φρουρίου τὸν πατέρα αὑτῆς ἔφη χρείας τινὸς ἕνεκα, τὰς δὲ κλεῖς αὐτὴ φυλάττειν τῶν πυλῶν καὶ παραδώσειν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἔρυμα νυκτὸς ἀφικομένοις μισθὸν τῆς προδοσίας λαβοῦσα τὰ φορήματα τῶν Σαβίνων, ἃ περὶ τοῖς εὐωνύμοις εἶχον ἅπαντες βραχίοσιν.
When Tatius accepted her proposal in the hope of treachery and came to the designated place, the virgin, having advanced within hearing, said that her father had gone out of the fortress by night for some necessity, and that she herself kept the keys of the gates and would deliver up the stronghold to them when they came by night, on receiving as the reward of her her treachery the ornaments of the Sabines which they all wore on their left arms.
§2.38.5εὐδοκοῦντος δὲ τοῦ Τατίου λαβοῦσα τὰς πίστεις διʼ ὅρκων παρʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὴ δοῦσα τοῦ μὴ ψεύδεσθαι τὰς ὁμολογίας τόπον τε ὁρίσασα, ἐφʼ ὃν ἔδει τοὺς Σαβίνους ἐλθεῖν, τὸν ἐχυρώτατον καὶ νυκτὸς ὥραν τὴν ἀφυλακτοτάτην ἀπῄει καὶ τοὺς ἔνδον ἔλαθε.
Tatius having agreed, she received pledges from him on oath and herself gave her word not to deceive him; and having designated the place to which the Sabines were to come, which was the strongest, and the hour of night when the guard was most negligent, she departed and escaped the notice of those within.

Notes

  1. 2.38.1οὐκ ἔχων ὅ τι χρήσεται τῇ τριβῇ τοῦ χρόνου — Accompanied by the negation of the participle ἔχων, meaning "not knowing how to...". ὅ τι introduces an indirect question, and χρήσεται is an aorist subjunctive or future indicative with a deliberative force. τῇ τριβῇ τοῦ χρόνου ("the delay of time") functions as the dative object of χράομαι.
  2. 2.38.2παρεξιόντας ... τοὺς Σαβίνους ... κατεσκόπει — The accusative τοὺς Σαβίνους and its participle παρεξιόντας function as the direct object of the main verb κατεσκόπει ("watched"), forming a standard structure of perception ("watched the Sabines passing by").
  3. 2.38.3καλοῦ πράγματος ἐπιθυμία — A verb is omitted here, but based on the parallel structure with the preceding αὐτὴν ... ἔρως εἰσέρχεται, a verb of movement or possession (such as εἰσέρχεται) is understood to be omitted. The following infinitive παραδοῦναι is appositive or explanatory to ἐπιθυμία.
  4. 2.38.5τοῦ μὴ ψεύδεσθαι τὰς ὁμολογίας — The genitive infinitive (τοῦ + infinitive) with the negative particle μή functions adjectivally or appositively to define the nature of the pledge given (δοῦσα), meaning "a pledge not to betray the agreement."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §2.38.1-2.38.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.38.1-2.38.5

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