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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §2.37.1-2.37.5

Defensive Preparations of Romulus and the Sabine Advance

Passage 128 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Romulus strengthens the defenses of Rome and receives reinforcements, including Locumo the Etruscan, to prepare for the Sabines. After the failed peace embassy, the Sabines march with a large army, and the Roman forces deploy in two divisions to meet them.

§2.37.1ἐν τούτῳ δὲ καὶ ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἀντιπαρεσκευάζετο τὰ κράτστα, ὡς ἀμυνούμενος ἄνδρας τὰ πολέμια ἀλκίμους, τοῦ μὲν Παλατίου τὸ τεῖχος ὡς ἀσφαλέστερον εἶναι τοῖς ἔνδον ὑψηλοτέροις ἐρύμασιν ἐγείρων, τοὺς δὲ παρακειμένους αὐτῷ λόφους τόν τε Αὐεντῖνον καὶ τὸν Καπιτωλῖνον νῦν λεγόμενον ἀποταφρεύων καὶ χαρακώμασι καρτεροῖς περιλαμβάνων, ἐν οἷς τὰ ποίμνια καὶ τοὺς γεωργοὺς αὐλίζεσθαι τὰς νύκτας ἐπέταξεν ἐχεγγύῳ φρουρᾷ καταλαβὼν ἑκάτερον, καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο χωρίον ἀσφάλειαν αὐτοῖς παρέξειν ἔμελλεν ἀποταφρεύων καὶ περισταυρῶν καὶ §2.37.2διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχων.
Meanwhile Romulus also made the best preparations against them, intending to repel men courageous in war. He raised the wall of the Palatine with higher fortifications so that it would be safer for those inside, and dug trenches around and enclosed with strong palisades the hills adjacent to it, namely the Aventine and that which is now called the Capitoline; on these he ordered the flocks and the husbandmen to pass the nights, having occupied each of them with a trustworthy guard; and if there was any other place that was likely to afford them safety, he fortified it with trenches and palisades and kept it under guard.
ἧκε δὲ αὐτῷ Τυρρηνῶν ἐπικουρίαν ἱκανὴν ἄγων ἐκ Σολωνίου πόλεως ἀνὴρ δραστήριος καὶ τὰ πολέμια διαφανής, Λοκόμων ὄνομα, φίλος οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ γεγονώς, καὶ παρʼ Ἀλβανῶν ἄνδρες, οὓς ὁ πάππος ἔπεμψεν αὐτῷ, συχνοὶ στρατιῶταί τε καὶ ὑπηρέται καὶ τεχνῖται πολεμικῶν ἔργων, σῖτός τε καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ὅσα τούτοις πρόσφορα ἦν ἱκανῶς ἅπαντα ἐπεχορηγεῖτο.
There came to him from the city of Solonium an active man, distinguished in warfare, Locumo by name, who had not long before become his friend, bringing a sufficient force of Etruscans to his aid; and from the Albans came many men whom his grandfather had sent to him, both soldiers, attendants, and artisans of military works; and grain, arms, and everything that was useful for these purposes were supplied in abundance.
§2.37.3ἐπεὶ δʼ ἐν ἑτοίμῳ τὰ πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἦν ἑκατέροις, ἔαρος ἀρχομένου μέλλοντες ἐξάγειν οἱ Σαβῖνοι τὰς δυνάμεις ἔγνωσαν ἀποστεῖλαι πρεσβείαν πρῶτον ὡς τοὺς πολεμίους τάς τε γυναῖκας ἀξιώσουσαν ἀπολαβεῖν καὶ δίκας ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν αἰτήσουσαν τῆς ἁρπαγῆς, ἵνα δὴ διʼ ἀνάγκην δοκῶσιν ἀνειληφέναι τὸν πόλεμον οὐ τυγχάνοντες τῶν δικαίων, καὶ τοὺς κήρυκας ἔπεμπον ἐπὶ ταῦτα.
When the preparations for the contest were ready on both sides, the Sabines, being about to lead out their forces at the beginning of spring, resolved first to send an embassy to the enemy, to demand back the women and to ask for satisfaction on their behalf for the abduction, so that indeed they might seem to have undertaken the war under necessity when they failed to obtain justice; and they sent heralds for this purpose.
§2.37.4Ῥωμύλου δὲ ἀξιοῦντος τὰς μὲν γυναῖκας, ἐπειδὴ οὐδʼ αὐταῖς ἀκούσαις ὁ μετὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν βίος ἦν, ἐᾶν παρὰ τοῖς γεγαμηκόσι μένειν, εἰ δέ τινος ἄλλου δέονται λαμβάνειν ὡς παρὰ φίλων, πολέμου δὲ μὴ ἄρχειν, οὐδενὶ τῶν ἀξιουμένων ὑπακούσαντες ἐξῆγον τὴν στρατιὰν πεζοὺς μὲν ἄγοντες πεντακισχιλίους ἐπὶ δύο μυριάσιν, ἱππεῖς δὲ ὀλίγου δέοντας χιλίων.
But since Romulus demanded that they suffer the women to remain with their husbands, since their life with them was not against their will, and that if they stood in need of anything else they should receive it as from friends, but not to begin war, they, paying no attention to any of his demands, led out their army, bringing twenty-five thousand infantry and nearly a thousand cavalry.
§2.37.5ἦν δὲ καὶ ἡ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δύναμις οὐ πολὺ τῆς Σαβίνων δέουσα δύο μὲν αἱ τῶν πεζῶν μυριάδες, ὀκτακόσιοι δʼ ἱππεῖς, καὶ προεκάθητο τῆς πόλεως διχῇ διῃρημένη, μία μὲν μοῖρα τὸν Ἐσκυλῖνον κατέχουσα λόφον, ἐφʼ ἧς αὐτὸς ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἦν, ἑτέρα δὲ τὸν Κυρίνιον οὔπω ταύτην ἔχοντα τὴν προσηγορίαν, ἧς ὁ Τυρρηνὸς ἦν Λοκόμων ἡγεμών.
The force of the Romans was also not much inferior to that of the Sabines, being twenty thousand infantry and eight hundred cavalry; and it lay before the city, divided into two parts: one division occupied the Esquiline hill, where Romulus himself was, and the other occupied the Quirinal hill, which did not yet have this name, of which Locumo the Etruscan was the leader.

Notes

  1. §2.37.1τοῦ μὲν Παλατίου τὸ τεῖχος... ἐγείρων — The participles ἐγείρων, ἀποταφρεύων, and περιλαμβάνων are circumstantial participles of manner or means in the present tense, explaining the specific actions of the main verb ἀντιπαρεσκευάζετο ('made the best preparations').
  2. §2.37.1καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο χωρίον ἀσφάλειαν αὐτοῖς παρέξειν ἔμελλεν — The conditional form εἴ τι ἄλλο ('if any other') functions as a generalizing relative clause, meaning 'whatever other place was likely to...'. The verb ἔμελλεν (imperfect) expresses a future likelihood or intention from a past standpoint.
  3. ¦316¦Ῥωμύλου δὲ ἀξιοῦντος — A genitive absolute construction. The content of Romulus's demands (ἀξιοῦντος) is introduced by the infinitives ἐᾶν, λαμβάνειν, and μὴ ἄρχειν.
  4. ¦316¦πεντακισχιλίους ἐπὶ δύο μυριάσιν — The preposition ἐπὶ with the dative case here expresses addition ('in addition to') with numerals. Thus, the phrase means 'five thousand in addition to twenty thousand' (i.e., twenty-five thousand).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §2.37.1-2.37.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.37.1-2.37.5

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