§10.60.1τοῦτο δὴ θεασαμένοις ἅπασιν, ὃ τῆς βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας σημεῖον ἐνομίζετο εἶναι, πολὺ παρειστήκει δέος, ὥσπερ ἔφην, ἀπολωλεκέναι νομίζουσι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ δέκα βασιλεῖς ἑλομένοις ἀνθʼ ἑνός.
Upon all who beheld this, which was considered to be the emblem of kingly power, there came a great fear, as I said, believing that they had lost their liberty and had chosen ten kings instead of one.
τοῦτον δὲ τὸν τρόπον καταπληξάμενοι τοὺς ὄχλους οἱ δέκα ἄνδρες καὶ γνόντες, ὅτι δεῖ φόβῳ τὸ λοιπὸν αὐτῶν ἄρχειν, ἑταιρίαν ἕκαστοι συνῆγον ἐπιλεγόμενοι τοὺς θρασυτάτους τῶν νέων καὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπιτηδειοτάτους.
Having in this manner terrified the multitude, the ten men, realizing that for the future they must rule them through fear, each began to form a faction, choosing the most audacious of the young men and those most suited to their own purposes.
§10.60.2τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῶν ἀπόρων καὶ τῶν ταπεινῶν ταῖς τύχαις τοὺς πλείους φανῆναι τυραννικῆς κόλακας ἐξουσίας, τοῦ κοινοῦ συμφέροντος ἀλλαξαμένους τὰς αὑτῶν ὠφελείας, οὔτε παράδοξον οὔτʼ ἀνέλπιστον ἦν·
Now, that the majority of those who were poor and of humble fortune should appear as flatterers of a tyrannical power, bartering their own advantage for the common interest, was neither surprising nor unexpected.
τὸ δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν πατρικίων εὑρεθῆναι συχνοὺς ἔχοντάς τι καὶ ἐπὶ πλούτῳ καὶ ἐπʼ εὐγενείᾳ μέγα φρονεῖν τοὺς ὑπομένοντας συγκαταλύειν τοῖς δεκαδάρχοις τὴν τῆς πατρίδος ἐλευθερίαν, τοῦτο θαυμαστὸν ἅπασιν εἶναι ἐδόκει·
But that even among the patricians there should be found many who, though priding themselves on their wealth and noble birth, consented to destroy the liberty of their country along with the decemvirs—this seemed wonderful to all.
οἱ δὲ πάσαις κολακεύοντες ἡδοναῖς, ὁπόσαι πεφύκασιν ἀνθρώπων κρατεῖν, κατὰ πολλὴν ἄδειαν ἦρχον τῆς πόλεως, βουλὴν μὲν ἢ δῆμον ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ μερίδι τιθέμενοι, πάντων δὲ αὐτοὶ νομοθέται τε καὶ δικασταὶ γινόμενοι, καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν ἀποκτιννύντες τῶν πολιτῶν, πολλοὺς δʼ ἀφαιρούμενοι τὰς οὐσίας ἀδίκως.
Meanwhile, the decemvirs, gratifying them with every pleasure that is natural to master mankind, ruled the city with great impunity, holding the senate or the people in no esteem, becoming themselves both the legislators and judges of all things, putting to death many of the citizens and unjustly depriving many others of their property.
§10.60.3ἵνα δʼ αὐτοῖς εὐπρεπῶς τὰ γινόμενα ἔχῃ παράνομα καὶ δεινὰ ὄντα ὡς δὴ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ πραττόμενα, δικαστήρια ἐφʼ ἑκάστῳ χρήματι ἀπεδίδοσαν·
In order that their illegal and terrible deeds might have a decent appearance, as if performed in accordance with justice, they established tribunals for every matter.
ἦσαν δὲ οἵ τε κατήγοροι ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων ἐκ τῶν συγκατασκευαζόντων τὴν τυραννίδα ὑποπεμπόμενοι, καὶ τὰ δικαστήρια ἐκ τῶν ἑταίρων ἀποδεικνύμενα, οἳ διημείβοντο ἀλλήλοις καταχαριζόμενοι τὰς δίκας.
But the accusers were suborned by the decemvirs themselves from among those who had helped to establish the tyranny, and the courts were composed of their own associates, who favored one another by reciprocating in their verdicts.
§10.60.4πολλὰ δὲ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων καὶ οὐ τὰ ἐλαχίστου ἄξια ἐφʼ ἑαυτῶν οἱ δέκα ἔκρινον, ὥστʼ ἠναγκάζοντο οἱ μειονεκτοῦντες τῷ δικαίῳ προσνέμειν ἑαυτοὺς ταῖς ἑταιρίαις, ἐπειδὴ τὸ ἀσφαλὲς οὐκ ἐνῆν ἄλλως αὐτοῖς ἔχειν, καὶ ἐγένετο σὺν χρόνῳ πλεῖον τοῦ ὑγιαίνοντος ἐν τῇ πόλει τὸ διεφθαρμένον καὶ νοσοῦν.
The ten also judged many of the accusations—and those not of the least importance—by themselves, so that those who were at a disadvantage in obtaining justice were forced to attach themselves to the factions, since they could not otherwise find safety, and in time the corrupt and diseased part in the city became larger than the healthy part.
οὐδὲ γὰρ ἠξίουν ἔτι μένειν ἐντὸς τείχους, οἷς τὰ πραττόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν δεκαδάρχων ἀνιαρὰ ἦν, ἀλλʼ ἀνεχώρουν εἰς τοὺς ἀγροὺς τὸν τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων σκοποῦντες χρόνον ὡς ἀποθησομένων τῶν δέκα ἀνδρῶν τὰς δυναστείας, ὅταν τὸν ἐνιαύσιον ἐκτελέσωσι χρόνον, καὶ ἀποδειξόντων ἑτέρας ἀρχάς.
For those to whom the actions of the decemvirs were painful no longer deigned to remain within the walls, but withdrew into the country, watching for the time of the elections, in the expectation that the ten men would lay down their power when they had completed their year's term, and would appoint other magistrates.
§10.60.5οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἄππιον τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγράψαντες νόμους ἐν δέλτοις δυσὶ καὶ ταύτας ταῖς πρότερον ἐξενεχθείσαις προσέθηκαν· ἐν αἷς καὶ ὅδε ὁ νόμος ἦν, μὴ ἐξεῖναι τοῖς πατρικίοις πρὸς τοὺς δημοτικοὺς ἐπιγαμίας συνάψαι· διʼ οὐδὲν ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕτερον ἢ τὸ μὴ συνελθεῖν εἰς ὁμόνοιαν τὰ ἔθνη γάμων ἐπαλλαγαῖς καὶ οἰκειοτήτων κοινωνίαις συγκερασθέντα.
Meanwhile, Appius and his colleagues, having drawn up the remaining laws on two tablets, added them to those previously published; among which was also this law, that it should not be lawful for patricians to contract intermarriages with plebeians—for no other reason, as it seems to me, than that the two classes might not come into harmony when blended together by the exchange of marriages and the ties of relationship.
§10.60.6ὡς δὲ καὶ ὁ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἐπέστη χρόνος, πολλὰ χαίρειν φράσαντες τοῖς τε πατρίοις ἐθισμοῖς καὶ τοῖς νεωστὶ γραφεῖσι νόμοις, οὔτε βουλῆς ψήφισμα ποιήσαντες οὔτε δήμου διέμειναν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀρχῆς.
And when the time for the elections was at hand, bidding a long farewell both to the ancestral customs and to the newly written laws, they continued in the same office without having obtained any decree either of the senate or of the people.