§10.59.1ἐν δὲ τῷ κατόπιν ἔτει παραλαβόντες τὴν ὑπατικὴν ἐξουσίαν οἱ σὺν Ἀππίῳ Κλαυδίῳ δέκα ἄνδρες εἰδοῖς μαΐαις, ἦγον δὲ τοὺς μῆνας κατὰ σελήνην, καὶ συνέπιπτεν εἰς τὰς εἰδοὺς ἡ πανσέληνος·
In the following year, the decemvirs under Appius Claudius assumed the consular power on the Ides of May; and since they regulated their months by the moon, the full moon coincided with the Ides.
§10.59.2πρῶτα μὲν ὅρκια τεμόντες ἀπόρρητα τῷ πλήθει συνθήκας σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ἔθεντο περὶ μηδενὸς ἀλλήλοις ἐναντιοῦσθαι, ὅ τι δʼ ἂν εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν δικαιώσῃ, τοῦθʼ ἅπαντες ἡγεῖσθαι κύριον τήν τʼ ἀρχὴν καθέξειν διὰ βίου καὶ μηδένα παρήσειν ἕτερον ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα ἰσότιμοί τε πάντες ἔσεσθαι καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἕξειν δυναστείαν, βουλῆς μὲν ἢ δήμου ψηφίσμασι σπανίως καὶ εἰς αὐτὰ τἀναγκαῖα χρώμενοι, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα ἐπὶ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἐξουσίας ποιοῦντες.
First, having made oaths secret from the multitude, they entered into agreements among themselves to oppose one another in nothing, but that whatever any one of them should decide, this should be considered valid by all; that they would hold office for life and permit no one else to have access to public affairs, and that all should be equal in honor and have the same power, rarely employing the decrees of the senate or of the people, and then only for matters of absolute necessity, but performing most things on their own authority.
§10.59.3ἐνστάσης δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας, ἐν ᾗ παραλαβεῖν αὐτοὺς ἔδει τὴν ἀρχήν, τοῖς θεοῖς προθύσαντες ἃ νόμος — ἱερὰν δὲ ταύτην ἄγουσι Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ἡμέραν καὶ παντὸς μάλιστα ὀττεύονται μήτʼ ἀκοῦσαι μηδὲν ἀηδὲς ἐν αὐτῇ μήτʼ ἰδεῖν — ἕωθεν εὐθὺς ἐξῄεσαν οἱ δέκα τὰ παράσημα τῆς βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας ἅπαντες ἐπαγόμενοι.
When the day arrived on which they were to enter upon their office, after first offering to the gods the sacrifices prescribed by law—now the Romans regard this day as sacred, and guard most especially against either hearing or seeing anything of ill omen on it—the ten went forth at the very break of day, all of them attended by the insignia of kingly power.
§10.59.4ὁ δὲ δῆμος ὡς ἔμαθεν αὐτοὺς οὐκέτι φυλάττοντας τὸ δημοτικὸν ἐκεῖνο καὶ μέτριον σχῆμα τῆς ἡγεμονίας οὐδὲ διαμειβομένους τὰ παράσημα τῆς βασιλικῆς ἀρχῆς ὡς πρότερον, εἰς πολλὴν ἦλθε δυσθυμίαν καὶ κατήφειαν.
But when the people perceived that they no longer preserved that popular and moderate form of government, nor alternated the insignia of kingly power as before, they fell into great despondency and dejection.
§10.59.5ἐφόβουν θʼ οἱ προσηρτημένοι ταῖς δέσμαις τῶν ῥάβδων πελέκεις, οὓς ἔφερον οἱ προηγούμενοι τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἑκάστου δώδεκα ὄντες ἀναστέλλοντες ἐκ τῶν στενωπῶν πληγῖς τὸν ὄχλον, ὃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν βασιλέων ἐγένετο πρότερον.
And they were terrified by the axes attached to the bundles of rods, which were carried by those who went before each of the men, twelve in number for each, who cleared the crowd from the narrow streets with blows; this was a practice that had also existed formerly under the kings.
κατελύθη γὰρ εὐθὺς τὸ ἔθος τοῦτο μετὰ τὴν ἐκβολὴν τῶν μονάρχων ὑπʼ ἀνδρὸς δημοτικοῦ Ποπλίου Οὐαλερίου τὴν ἐκείνων ἐξουσίαν μεταλαβόντος, ᾧ πάντες οἱ μετʼ ἐκεῖνον ὕπατοι καλοῦ πράγματος δόξαντι ἄρξαι τὰ ὅμοια πράττοντες οὐκέτι ταῖς δέσμαις τῶν ῥάβδων προσήρτων τοὺς πελέκεις, ὅτι μὴ κατὰ τὰς στρατείας καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἐξόδους τὰς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως.
For this custom was abolished immediately after the expulsion of the monarchs by a man of the people, Publius Valerius, who succeeded to their power; and all the consuls who followed him, believing that he had introduced a noble practice, did the same and no longer attached the axes to the bundles of rods, except during military campaigns and other excursions outside the city.
§10.59.6πόλεμον δʼ ἐξάγοντες ὑπερόριον ἢ τῶν ὑπηκόων πράγματα ἐπισκεψόμενοι, τότε καὶ τοὺς πελέκεις ταῖς ῥάβδοις προσελάμβανον, ἵνα τὸ τῆς ὄψεως φοβερόν, ὡς κατʼ ἐχθρῶν ἢ δούλων γινόμενον, ἥκιστα φαίνηται τοῖς πολίταις ἐπαχθές.
But when they went out to wage war beyond the borders or to inspect the affairs of their subjects, they then took up the axes along with the rods, in order that the terrifying aspect of this sight, as though directed against enemies or slaves, might be as little offensive as possible to the citizens.