§10Ἔτι κἀκεῖνο εἰπεῖν ἄξιον ὅτι οὐδὲ τερπνὸν ἐν αὐτῇ τὸ κομιδῇ μυθῶδες καὶ τὸ τῶν ἐπαίνων μάλιστα πρόσαντες παρ' ἑκάτερον τοῖς ἀκούουσιν, ἢν μὴ τὸν συρφετὸν καὶ τὸν πολὺν δῆμον ἐπινοῇς, ἀλλὰ τοὺς δικαστικῶς καὶ νὴ Δία συκοφαντικῶς προσέτι γε ἀκροασομένους, οὓς οὐκ ἄν τι λάθοι παραδραμόν, ὀξύτερον μὲν τοῦ Ἄργου ὁρῶντας καὶ πανταχόθεν τοῦ σώματος, ἀργυραμοιβικῶς δὲ τῶν λεγομένων ἕκαστα ἐξετάζοντας, ὡς τὰ μὲν παρακεκομμένα εὐθὺς ἀπορρίπτειν, παραδέχεσθαι δὲ τὰ δόκιμα καὶ ἔννομα καὶ ἀκριβῆ τὸν τύπον, πρὸς οὓς ἀποβλέποντα χρὴ συγγράφειν, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ὀλίγον φροντίζειν, κἂν διαρραγῶσιν ἐπαινοῦντες.
Furthermore, it is worth saying that neither is the utterly mythical pleasurable in history itself, nor is praise, which is extremely offensive at every turn to the listeners, unless you are thinking of the rabble and the common crowd, but of those who will listen critically, and indeed, by Zeus, even with hostile scrutiny, whom nothing would escape as it runs past, seeing more sharply than Argus, and from all sides of their bodies, and like money-changers they examine each of the statements made, so as to reject at once those that are counterfeit, but to accept those that are genuine, lawful, and exact in their stamp; looking towards these people one must write, and care little for the others, even if they burst themselves with praising.
ἢν δὲ ἀμελήσας ἐκείνων ἡδύνῃς πέρα τοῦ μετρίου τὴν ἱστορίαν μύθοις καὶ ἐπαίνοις καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ θωπείᾳ, τάχιστ' ἂν ὁμοίαν αὐτὴν ἐξεργάσαιο τῷ ἐν Λυδίᾳ Ἡρακλεῖ.
But if, neglecting those, you sweeten history beyond measure with myths and praises and other flattery, you would very quickly make it like Heracles in Lydia.
ἑωρακέναι γάρ σέ που εἰκὸς γεγραμμένον, τῇ Ὀμφάλῃ δουλεύοντα, πάνυ ἀλλόκοτον σκευὴν ἐσκευασμένον, ἐκείνην μὲν τὸν λέοντα αὐτοῦ περιβεβλημένην καὶ τὸ ξύλον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ἔχουσαν, ὡς Ἡρακλέα δῆθεν οὖσαν, αὐτὸν δὲ ἐν κροκωτῷ καὶ πορφυρίδι ἔρια ξαίνοντα καὶ παιόμενον ὑπὸ τῆς Ὀμφάλης τῷ σανδαλίῳ.
For you have probably seen him painted, serving Omphale, dressed in a very strange attire—she indeed wrapped in his lion's skin and holding the club in her hand, as if she were Heracles indeed, and he himself in a saffron tunic and a purple robe, combing wool and being beaten by Omphale with her sandal.
καὶ τὸ θέαμα αἴσχιστον, ἀφεστῶσα ἡ ἐσθὴς τοῦ σώματος καὶ μὴ προσιζάνουσα καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἀνδρῶδες ἀσχημόνως καταθηλυνόμενον.
And the sight is most shameful, the clothing loose from his body and not fitting, and the manly character of the god disgracefully effeminized.
§11Καὶ οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ ἴσως καὶ ταῦτά σου ἐπαινέσονται, οἱ ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκεῖνοι ὧν σὺ καταφρονεῖς μάλα ἡδὺ καὶ ἐς κόρον γελάσονται, ὁρῶντες τὸ ἀσύμφυλον καὶ ἀνάρμοστον καὶ δυσκόλλητον τοῦ πράγματος.
And the many will perhaps praise even these things of yours, but those few whom you despise will laugh very pleasantly and to their heart's content, seeing the incongruity, unsuitability, and poor patching of the thing.
ἑκάστου γὰρ δὴ ἴδιόν τι καλόν ἐστιν· εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἐναλλάξειας, ἀκαλλὲς τὸ αὐτὸ παρὰ τὴν χρῆσιν γίγνεται.
For each thing indeed has its own proper beauty; but if you should swap this, the same thing becomes unlovely, contrary to its proper use.
ἐῶ λέγειν ὅτι οἱ ἔπαινοι ἑνὶ μὲν ἴσως τερπνοί, τῷ ἐπαινουμένῳ, τοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις ἐπαχθεῖς, καὶ μάλιστα ἢν ὑπερφυεῖς τὰς ὑπερβολὰς ἔχωσιν, οἵους αὐτοὺς οἱ πολλοὶ ἀπεργάζονται, τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν παρὰ τῶν ἐπαινουμένων θηρώμενοι καὶ ἐνδιατρίβοντες ἄχρι τοῦ πᾶσι προφανῆ τὴν κολακείαν ἐξεργάσασθαι.
I refrain from saying that praises are perhaps pleasurable to one, the one being praised, but offensive to the others, and especially if they have monstrous exaggerations, such as the many construct them, hunting for the goodwill from those praised and lingering over it until they make the flattery obvious to everyone.
οὐδὲ γὰρ κατὰ τέχνην αὐτὸ δρᾶν ἴσασιν οὐδ’ ἐπισκάζουσι τὴν θωπείαν, ἀλλ’ ἐμπεσόντες ἀθρόα πάντα καὶ ἀπίθανα καὶ γυμνὰ διεξίασιν.
For they do not even know how to do it according to art, nor do they limpingly conceal their flattery, but falling upon it they recount everything in a heap, incredible and naked.
§12Ὥστ' οὐδὲ τυγχάνουσιν οὗ μάλιστα ἐφίενται· οἱ γὰρ ἐπαινούμενοι πρὸς αὐτῶν μισοῦσι μᾶλλον καὶ ἀποστρέφονται ὡς κόλακας, εὖ ποιοῦντες, καὶ μάλιστα ἢν ἀνδρώδεις τὰς γνώμας ὦσιν.
So they do not even obtain what they most desire; for those praised by them rather hate them and turn away from them as flatterers, and rightly so, especially if they are manly in their minds.
Ὥσπερ Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀριστόβουλου μονομαχίαν γράψαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Πώρου, καὶ ἀναγνόντος αὐτῷ τοῦτο μάλιστα τὸ χωρίον τῆς γραφῆς—ᾤετο γὰρ χαριεῖσθαι τὰ μέγιστα τῷ βασιλεῖ ἐπιψευδόμενος ἀριστείας τινὰς αὐτῷ καὶ ἀναπλάττων ἔργα μείζω τῆς ἀληθείας—λαβὼν τὸ βιβλίον—πλέοντες δὲ ἐτύγχανον ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ τῷ Ὑδάσπῃ—ἔρριψεν ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπειπών, Καὶ σὲ δὲ οὕτως ἐχρῆν, ὦ Ἀριστόβουλε, τοιαῦτα ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ μονομαχοῦντα καὶ ἐλέφαντας ἑνὶ ἀκοντίῳ φονεύοντα. καὶ ἔμελλέ γε οὕτως ἀγανακτήσειν ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, ὅς γε οὐδὲ τὴν τοῦ ἀρχιτέκτονος τόλμαν ἠνέσχετο, ὑποσχομένου τὸν Ἄθων εἰκόνα ποιήσειν αὐτοῦ καὶ μετακοσμήσειν τὸ ὄρος ἐς ὁμοιότητα τοῦ βασιλέως, ἀλλὰ κόλακα εὐθὺς ἐπιγνοὺς τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὐκέτ' οὐδ’ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ὁμοίως ἐχρῆτο.
Just as Alexander, when Aristobulus had written of a single combat between Alexander and Porus, and read to him this very passage of the book—for he thought to please the king in the highest degree by lying about certain of his brave deeds and fabricating achievements greater than the truth—took the book (and they happened to be sailing on the river Hydaspes) and threw it headlong into the water, saying, 'And you too, Aristobulus, ought to have been thrown in like this, you who fight such single combats on my behalf and kill elephants with a single javelin!' And Alexander was indeed likely to be so indignant, he who did not even tolerate the daring of the architect who promised to make Athos his statue and to reshape the mountain into the likeness of the king, but recognizing the man at once as a flatterer, did not employ him similarly in other matters either.
§13Ποῦ τοίνυν τὸ τερπνὸν ἐν τούτοις, ἐκτὸς εἰ μή τις κομιδῇ ἀνόητος εἴη ὡς χαίρειν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐπαινούμενος ὧν παρὰ πόδας οἱ ἔλεγχοι;
Where then is the pleasurable in these things, unless someone should be so utterly foolish as to rejoice in being praised for such things of which the refutations are close at hand?
ὥσπερ οἱ ἄμορφοι τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ μάλιστά γε τὰ γύναια τοῖς γραφεῦσι παρακελευόμενα ὡς καλλίστας αὐτὰς γράφειν.
Just like ugly people, and especially women, who instruct painters to paint them as beautiful as possible.
οἴονται γὰρ ἄμεινον ἕξειν τὴν ὄψιν, ἢν ὁ γραφεὺς αὐταῖς ἐρύθημά τε πλεῖον ἐπανθίσῃ καὶ τὸ λευκὸν ἐγκαταμίξῃ πολὺ τῷ φαρμάκῳ.
For they think they will have a better appearance if the painter adds more blush to them and mixes much white into the paint.
Τοιοῦτοι τῶν συγγραφόντων οἱ πολλοί εἰσι τὸ τήμερον καὶ τὸ ἴδιον καὶ τὸ χρειῶδες ὅ τι ἂν ἐκ τῆς ἱστορίας ἐλπίσωσι θεραπεύοντες, οὓς μισεῖσθαι καλῶς εἶχεν, ἐς μὲν τὸ παρὸν κόλακας προδήλους καὶ ἀτέχνους ὄντας, ἐς τοὐπιὸν δὲ ὕποπτον ταῖς ὑπερβολαῖς τὴν ὅλην πραγματείαν ἀποφαίνοντας.
Such are many of the historians today, catering to whatever private interest and utility they hope for from history; whom it would be right to hate, being in the present obvious and clumsy flatterers, and for the future rendering the whole work suspect by their exaggerations.
εἰ δέ τις πάντως τὸ τερπνὸν ἡγεῖται καταμεμῖχθαι δεῖν τῇ ἱστορίᾳ πάσῃ, ἄλλα ἃ σὺν ἀληθείᾳ τερπνά ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις κάλλεσι τοῦ λόγου, ὧν ἀμελήσαντες οἱ πολλοὶ τὰ μηδὲν προσήκοντα ἐπεισκυκλοῦσιν.
But if anyone thinks that the pleasurable must by all means be mixed with all history, there are other things which are pleasurable in company with truth, among the other beauties of style, neglecting which the many wheel in things that do not belong at all.