§35Ἀνάχαρσις
εἶτα, ὦ Σόλων, σιδηροφορεῖν μὲν οὐδενὸς ἀναγκαίου ἕνεκα περιττὸν ὑμῖν δοκεῖ, καὶ τῶν ὅπλων φείδεσθε, ὡς μὴ διὰ χειρὸς ὄντα φθείροιτο, ἀλλὰ φυλάττετε ἀποκείμενα ὡς χρησόμενοι τότε, τῆς χρείας ἐπιστάσης· τὰ δὲ σώματα τῶν νέων οὐδενὸς δεινοῦ ἐπείγοντος καταπονεῖτε παίοντες καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἱδρώτων καταναλίσκοντες, οὐ ταμιευόμενοι πρὸς τὸ ἀναγκαῖον τὰς ἀλκὰς αὐτῶν, ἀλλʼ εἰκῆ ἐν τῷ πηλῷ καὶ τῇ κόνει ἐκχέοντες;
Anacharsis Then, Solon, carrying iron when there is no necessity seems to you to be superfluous, and you spare the weapons, so that they may not be ruined by being in hand, but keep them put away as intending to use them then, when the need arises; but do you wear down the bodies of the young men when no danger is pressing, striking them and consuming them by sweats, not rationing their strength for the necessity, but pouring it out in vain in the mud and the dust?
Σόλων
ἔοικας, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι, τοιόνδε τι δυνάμεως πέρι ἐννοεῖν, ὡς οἴνῳ ἢ ὕδατι ἢ ἄλλῳ τῶν ὑγρῶν ὁμοίαν αὐτὴν οὖσαν.
Solon You seem, Anacharsis, to think something of this sort about strength, as if it were similar to wine or water or some other liquid.
δέδιας οὖν μὴ ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀγγείου κεραμεοῦ λάθῃ διαρρυεῖσα ἐν τοῖς πόνοις κᾆτα ἡμῖν κενὸν καὶ ξηρὸν οἴχηται τὸ σῶμα καταλιποῦσα ὑπὸ μηδενὸς ἔνδοθεν ἀναπληρούμενον.
Are you afraid then lest, just as from an earthen vessel, it should leak out unnoticed during the labors, and then the body should go off, leaving us empty and dry, replenished by nothing from within?
τὸ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει σοι, ἀλλὰ ὅσῳ τις ἂν αὐτὴν ἐξαντλῇ τοῖς πόνοις, τοσῷδε μᾶλλον ἐπιρρεῖ κατὰ τὸν περὶ τῆς Ὕδρας μῦθον, εἴ τινα ἤκουσας, ὡς ἀντὶ μιᾶς κεφαλῆς τμηθείσης δύʼ ἀεὶ ἄλλαι ἀνεφύοντο.
But the matter is not so for you, but the more one drains it by labors, the more it flows in, according to the myth of the Hydra, if you have heard any, how instead of one head cut off, two others always grew in its place.
ἢν δὲ ἀγύμναστος ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἄτονος ᾖ μηδὲ διαρκῆ τὴν ὕλην ἔχῃ ὑποβεβλημένην, τότε ὑπὸ τῶν καμάτων βλάπτοιτο ἂν καὶ καταμαραίνοιτο, οἷόν τι ἐπὶ πυρὸς καὶ λύχνου γίγνεται.
But if it should be unexercised from the beginning and without tone, and should not have sufficient material laid underneath, then it would be harmed and withered by the fatigues, just like something that happens in the case of a fire and a lamp.
ὑπὸ γὰρ τῷ αὐτῷ φυσήματι τὸ μὲν πῦρ ἀνακαύσειας ἂν καὶ μεῖζον ἐν βραχεῖ ποιήσειας παραθήγων τῷ πνεύματι, καὶ τὸ τοῦ λύχνου φῶς ἀποσβέσειας οὐκ ἔχον ἀποχρῶσαν τῆς ὕλης τὴν χορηγίαν, ὡς διαρκῆ εἶναι πρὸς τὸ ἀντιπνέον· οὐ γὰρ ἀπʼ ἰσχυρᾶς, οἶμαι, τῆς ῥίζης ἀνεφύετο.
For by the selfsame blast you might kindle a fire and make it larger in a short time, sharpening it with the breath, but you would extinguish the light of a lamp, as it does not have a sufficient supply of material to hold out against the wind blowing against it; for it did not grow, I think, from a strong root.
§36Ἀνάχαρσις
ταυτὶ μέν, ὦ Σόλων, οὐ πάνυ συνίημι· λεπτότερα γὰρ ἢ κατʼ ἐμὲ εἴρηκας, ἀκριβοῦς τινος φροντίδος καὶ διανοίας ὀξὺ δεδορκυίας δεόμενα.
Anacharsis These things, Solon, I do not quite understand; for you have spoken of things too subtle for me, requiring some precise thought and a sharp-sighted intellect.
ἐκεῖνο δέ μοι πάντως εἰπέ, τίνος ἕνεκα οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι τοῖς Ὀλυμπίασι καὶ Ἰσθμοῖ καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὁπότε πολλοί, ὡς φής, συνίασιν ὀψόμενοι τοὺς νέους ἀγωνιζομένους, οὐδέποτε ἐν ὅπλοις ποιεῖσθε τὴν ἅμιλλαν, ἀλλὰ γυμνοὺς εἰς τὸ μέσον παραγαγόντες λακτιζομένους καὶ παιομένους ἐπιδείκνυτε καὶ νικήσασι μῆλα καὶ κότινον δίδοτε;
But tell me this by all means: for what reason, in the games at Olympia, Isthmus, Pytho, and the others, when many, as you say, assemble to see the young men competing, do you never make the contest in arms, but bringing them out naked into the midst, you show them being kicked and struck, and give apples and wild olive to the victors?
ἄξιον γὰρ εἰδέναι τοῦτό γε, οὗτινος ἕνεκα οὕτω ποιεῖτε.
For it is indeed worth knowing, for what reason you do so.
Σόλων
ἡγούμεθα γάρ, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι, τὴν εἰς τὰ γυμνάσια προθυμίαν οὕτως ἂν πλείω ἐγγενέσθαι αὐτοῖς, εἰ τοὺς ἀριστεύοντας ἐν τούτοις ἴδοιεν τιμωμένους καὶ ἀνακηρυττομένους ἐν μέσοις τοῖς Ἕλλησι.
Solon For we think, Anacharsis, that eagerness for exercises would thus arise more in them, if they should see those who excel in these being honored and proclaimed in the midst of the Greeks.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὡς εἰς τοσούτους ἀποδυσόμενοι εὐεξίας τε ἐπιμελοῦνται, ὡς μὴ αἰσχύνοιντο γυμνωθέντες, καὶ ἀξιονικότατον ἕκαστος αὑτὸν ἀπεργάζεται.
And for this reason, as men who will strip before so many, they care for physical fitness, so that they may not be ashamed when stripped, and each makes himself most worthy of victory.
καὶ τὰ ἆθλα, ὥσπερ ἔμπροσθεν εἶπον, οὐ μικρά, ὁ ἔπαινος ὁ παρὰ τῶν θεατῶν καὶ τὸ ἐπισημότατον γενέσθαι καὶ δείκνυσθαι τῷ δακτύλῳ ἄριστον εἶναι τῶν καθʼ αὑτὸν δοκοῦντα.
And the prizes, as I said before, are not small: the praise from the spectators, and becoming most famous and being pointed out with the finger, appearing to be the best of one's contemporaries.
τοιγάρτοι πολλοὶ τῶν θεατῶν, οἷς καθʼ ἡλικίαν ἔτι ἄσκησις, ἀπίασιν οὐ μετρίως ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ἀρετῆς καὶ πόνων ἐρασθέντες.
Therefore, many of the spectators, for whom training is still appropriate by age, depart from such events having fallen in love with virtue and labors in no moderate degree.
ὡς εἴ γέ τις, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι, τὸν τῆς εὐκλείας ἔρωτα ἐκβάλοι ἐκ τοῦ βίου, τί ἂν ἔτι ἀγαθὸν ἡμῖν γένοιτο, ἢ τίς ἄν τι λαμπρὸν ἐργάσασθαι ἐπιθυμήσειεν;
For if anyone, Anacharsis, should cast out the love of good repute from life, what good could still come to us, or who would desire to perform anything illustrious?
νῦν δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων εἰκάζειν παρέχοιεν ἄν σοι, ὁποῖοι ἐν πολέμοις ὑπὲρ πατρίδος καὶ παίδων καὶ γυναικῶν καὶ ἱερῶν γένοιντʼ ἂν ὅπλα ἔχοντες οἱ κοτίνου πέρι καὶ μήλων γυμνοὶ τοσαύτην προθυμίαν εἰς τὸ νικᾶν εἰσφερόμενοι.
But as it is, even from these things they would allow you to conjecture what sort of men they would become in wars for fatherland, children, wives, and sanctuaries, when having arms, they who for wild olive and apples bring so much eagerness into conquering naked.
§37Σόλων
καίτοι τί ἂν πάθοις, εἰ θεάσαιο καὶ ὀρτύγων καὶ ἀλεκτρυόνων ἀγῶνας παρʼ ἡμῖν καὶ σπουδὴν ἐπὶ τούτοις οὐ μικράν;
Solon And yet what would you feel, if you should behold contests of quails and cocks among us, and no small seriousness over these?
ἢ γελάσῃ δῆλον ὅτι, καὶ μάλιστα ἢν μάθῃς ὡς ὑπὸ νόμῳ αὐτὸ δρῶμεν καὶ προστέτακται πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν ἡλικίᾳ παρεῖναι καὶ ὁρᾶν τὰ ὄρνεα διαπυκτεύοντα μέχρι τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀπαγορεύσεως;
Or you will laugh, obviously, and especially if you should learn that we do this under law, and it has been commanded to all those of age to be present and to see the birds boxing until the extreme exhaustion?
ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ τοῦτο γελοῖον· ὑποδύεται γάρ τις ἠρέμα ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὁρμὴ εἰς τοὺς κινδύνους, ὡς μὴ ἀγεννέστεροι καὶ ἀτολμότεροι φαίνοιντο τῶν ἀλεκτρυόνων μηδὲ προαπαγορεύοιεν ὑπὸ τραυμάτων ἢ καμάτου ἤ του ἄλλου δυσχεροῦς.
But not even this is ridiculous; for a certain impulse into dangers quietly steals into their souls, so that they may not appear more ignoble and cowardly than cocks, nor give up beforehand on account of wounds or fatigue or any other hardship.
τὸ δὲ δὴ ἐν ὅπλοις πειρᾶσθαι αὐτῶν καὶ ὁρᾶν τιτρωσκομένους — ἄπαγε·
But indeed, to test them in arms and to see them being wounded—away with it!
θηριῶδες γὰρ καὶ δεινῶς σκαιὸν καὶ προσέτι γε ἀλυσιτελὲς ἀποσφάττειν τοὺς ἀρίστους καὶ οἷς ἄν τις ἄμεινον χρήσαιτο κατὰ τῶν δυσμενῶν.
For it is beastly and dreadfully foolish, and moreover unprofitable, to slaughter the best men, whom one could use better against the enemies.