§28Σόλων
ὁ πηλὸς δὲ καὶ ἡ κόνις, ἅπερ σοι γελοιότερα ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἔδοξεν, ἄκουσον, ὦ θαυμάσιε, ὅτου ἕνεκα ὑποβέβληται.
Solon "As for the mud and the dust, which at first seemed rather ridiculous to you, listen, my wonderful friend, to the reason why they are provided.
πρῶτον μέν, ὡς μὴ ἐπὶ τὸ κραταιὸν ἡ πτῶσις αὐτοῖς γίγνοιτο, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τὸ μαλακὸν ἀσφαλῶς πίπτοιεν·
First, so that their fall may not be upon hard ground, but that they may fall safely upon a soft surface.
ἔπειτα καὶ τὸν ὄλισθον ἀνάγκη πλείω γίγνεσθαι, ἱδρούντων ἐν τῷ πηλῷ, ὃ σὺ ταῖς ἐγχέλεσιν εἴκαζες, οὐκ ἀχρεῖον οὐδὲ γελοῖον ὄν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο εἰς ἰσχὺν καὶ τόνον οὐκ ὀλίγα συντελεῖ, ὁπόταν οὕτως ἐχόντων ἀλλήλων ἀναγκάζωνται ἐγκρατῶς ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι καὶ συνέχειν διολισθάνοντας·
Next, it is necessary that slipperiness becomes greater when they sweat in the mud—which you compared to eels—which is neither useless nor ridiculous, but this also contributes not a little to strength and vigor, whenever they are forced to grasp each other firmly and hold those who are slipping away while being in such a state.
αἴρεσθαί τε ἐν πηλῷ ἱδρωκότα μετʼ ἐλαίου, ἐκπεσεῖν καὶ διαρρυῆναι τῶν χειρῶν σπουδάζοντα, μὴ μικρὸν εἶναι νόμιζε.
And do not think it a small thing to lift one who is sweaty with oil in the mud, who is eager to escape and slip away from the hands.
καὶ ταῦτα πάντα, ὥσπερ ἔφην ἔμπροσθεν, εἰς τοὺς πολέμους καὶ χρήσιμα, εἰ δέοι φίλον τρωθέντα ῥᾳδίως ἀράμενον ὑπεξενεγκεῖν ἢ καὶ πολέμιον συναρπάσαντα ἥκειν μετέωρον κομίζοντα.
And all these things, as I said before, are useful also in war, if it should be necessary to carry away a wounded friend easily by lifting him up, or even to come back carrying an enemy snatched up high in the air.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εἰς ὑπερβολὴν ἀσκοῦμεν, τὰ χαλεπώτερα προτιθέντες ὡς τὰ μικρότερα μακρῷ εὐκολώτερον φέροιεν.
And for this reason we train them to excess, proposing more difficult tasks so that they might bear far smaller ones much more easily.
§29Σόλων
τὴν μέντοι κόνιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἐναντίον χρησίμην οἰόμεθα εἶναι, ὡς μὴ διολισθάνοιεν συμπλεκόμενοι.
Solon The dust, however, we think is useful for the opposite purpose, so that they may not slip when grappling.
ἐπειδὰν γὰρ ἐν τῷ πηλῷ ἀσκηθῶσιν συνέχειν τὸ διαδιδρᾶσκον ὑπὸ γλισχρότητος, ἐθίζονται ἐκφεύγειν αὐτοὶ ληφθέντες ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν, καὶ ταῦτα ἐν ἀφύκτῳ ἐχόμενοι.
For when they have been trained in the mud to hold fast that which is escaping because of slipperiness, they themselves become accustomed to escape when they are caught from the hands, even when they are held in an inescapable grip.
καὶ μὴν καὶ τὸν ἱδρῶτα συνέχειν δοκεῖ ἡ κόνις ἀθρόον ἐκχεόμενον ἐπιπαττομένη, καὶ ἐπὶ πολὺ διαρκεῖν ποιεῖ τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ κώλυμα γίγνεται μὴ βλάπτεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνέμων ἀραιοῖς τότε καὶ ἀνεῳγόσιν τοῖς σώμασιν ἐμπιπτόντων.
Furthermore, the dust when sprinkled seems to check the sweat as it pours out all at once, and makes their strength endure for a long time, and becomes a prevention against being harmed by the winds falling upon their bodies, which are then relaxed and open.
ἄλλως τε καὶ τὸν ῥύπον ἀποσμᾷ καὶ στιλπνότερον ποιεῖ τὸν ἄνδρα.
Above all, it wipes away the dirt and makes the man more shining.
καὶ ἔγωγε ἡδέως ἂν παραστησάμενος πλησίον τῶν τε λευκῶν τινα ἐκείνων καὶ ὑπὸ σκιᾷ δεδιῃτημένων καὶ ὃν ἂν ἕλῃ τῶν ἐν τῷ Λυκείῳ γυμναζομένων, ἀποπλύνας τὴν κόνιν καὶ τὸν πηλόν, ἐροίμην ἄν σε ποτέρῳ ἂν ὅμοιος εὔξαιο γενέσθαι· οἶδα γὰρ ὡς αὐτίκα ἕλοιο ἂν ἐκ πρώτης προσόψεως, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων πειραθείης ἑκατέρου, συνεστηκὼς καὶ συγκεκροτημένος εἶναι μᾶλλον ἢ θρύπτεσθαι καὶ διαρρεῖν καὶ λευκὸς εἶναι ἀπορίᾳ καὶ φυγῇ εἰς τὰ εἴσω τοῦ αἵματος.
And I, indeed, would gladly place near each other one of those white-skinned men who live under the shade and whichever one you choose of those training in the Lyceum, and after washing off the dust and the mud, I would ask you which of the two you would pray to become like; for I know that you would immediately choose at first sight, even if you did not test the work of either, to be compact and well-knit rather than to be soft and flabby, and white from the lack and flight of blood into the interior.
§30Σόλων
ταῦτʼ ἔστιν, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι, ἃ τοὺς νέους ἡμεῖς ἀσκοῦμεν οἰόμενοι φύλακας ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως ἀγαθοὺς γενέσθαι καὶ ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ βιώσεσθαι διʼ αὐτούς, κρατοῦντες μὲν τῶν δυσμενῶν εἰ ἐπίοιεν, φοβεροὶ δὲ τοῖς περιοίκοις ὄντες, ὡς ὑποπτήσσειν τε καὶ ὑποτελεῖν ἡμῖν τοὺς πλείστους αὐτῶν.
Solon These are the things, Anacharsis, in which we train our youth, thinking that they will become good guardians of the city for us and that we shall live in freedom through them, conquering our enemies if they should attack, and being fearsome to our neighbors, so that most of them submit and pay tribute to us.
ἐν εἰρήνῃ τε αὖ πολὺ ἀμείνοσιν αὐτοῖς χρώμεθα περὶ μηδὲν τῶν αἰσχρῶν φιλοτιμουμένοις μηδʼ ὑπʼ ἀργίας εἰς ὕβριν τρεπομένοις, ἀλλὰ περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα διατρίβουσιν καὶ ἀσχόλοις οὖσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς.
And in peace, again, we find them much better, striving for nothing shameful, nor turning to arrogance through idleness, but spending their time in such pursuits and being occupied in them.
καὶ ὅπερ ἔφην τὸ κοινὸν ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὴν ἄκραν πόλεως εὐδαιμονίαν, τοῦτʼ ἔστιν, ὁπότε εἰς τε εἰρήνην καὶ εἰς πόλεμον τὰ ἄριστα παρεσκευασμένη φαίνοιτο ἡ νεότης περὶ τὰ κάλλιστα ἡμῖν σπουδάζοντες.
And what I called the common good and the supreme happiness of the city is this: when the youth appear best prepared for both peace and war, striving eagerly for our finest things.
§31Ἀνάχαρσις
οὐκοῦν, ὦ Σόλων, ἤν ποτε ὑμῖν ἐπίωσιν οἱ πολέμιοι, χρισάμενοι τῷ ἐλαίῳ καὶ κονισάμενοι πρόιτε καὶ αὐτοὶ πὺξ τὰς χεῖρας ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς προβεβλημένοι, κἀκεῖνοι δηλαδὴ ὑποπτήσσουσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ φεύγουσιν δεδιότες μὴ σφίσι κεχηνόσι πάσσητε τὴν ψάμμον εἰς τὸ στόμα ἢ περιπηδήσαντες, ὡς κατὰ νώτου γένησθε, περιπλέξητε αὐτοῖς τὰ σκέλη περὶ τὴν γαστέρα καὶ διάγχητε ὑπὸ τὸ κράνος ὑποβαλόντες τὸν πῆχυν.
Anacharsis Therefore, Solon, if ever the enemy should attack you, you will go out against them yourselves having anointed yourselves with oil and covered yourselves with dust, with your fists held out before you against them, and they, of course, will cower before you and flee, fearing lest you throw sand into their open mouths, or leaping around so as to get behind their backs, wind your legs around their bellies and strangle them by putting your forearm under their helmets.
καὶ μὴ Δίʼ οἱ μὲν τοξεύσουσι δῆλον ὅτι καὶ ἀκοντιοῦσιν, ὑμῶν δὲ ὥσπερ ἀνδριάντων οὐ καθίξεται τὰ βέλη κεχρωσμένων πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον καὶ πολὺ τὸ αἷμα πεπορισμένων.
And, by Zeus, the enemy will clearly shoot arrows and throw javelins, but their missiles will not touch you, who are colored by the sun and have provided yourselves with plenty of blood, just as if you were statues.
οὐ γὰρ καλάμη καὶ ἀθέρες ὑμεῖς ἐστε, ὡς τάχιστα ἐνδιδόναι πρὸς τὰς πληγάς, ἀλλὰ ὀψέ ποτε ἂν καὶ μόλις κατατεμνόμενοι βαθέσι τοῖς τραύμασιν αἷμα ὀλίγον ὑποδείξαιτε.
For you are not straw and chaff, so as to give in very quickly to blows, but you would show only a little blood later in time and with difficulty when cut deep with wounds.
τοιαῦτα γὰρ φής, εἰ μὴ πάνυ παρήκουσα τοῦ παραδείγματος.
For you say such things, unless I have completely misunderstood your comparison."