§25Σόλων
ἐννοεῖς γάρ, οἶμαι, τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο, οἵους εἰκὸς σὺν ὅπλοις ἔσεσθαι τοὺς καὶ γυμνοὺς ἂν φόβον τοῖς δυσμενέσιν ἐμποιήσαντας, οὐ πολυσαρκίαν ἀργὸν καὶ λευκὴν ἢ ἀσαρκίαν μετὰ ὠχρότητος ἐπιδεικνυμένους οἷα γυναικῶν σώματα ὑπὸ σκιᾷ μεμαρασμένα, τρέμοντα ἱδρῶτί τε πολλῷ εὐθὺς ῥεόμενα καὶ ἀσθμαίνοντα ὑπὸ τῷ κράνει, καὶ μάλιστα ἢν καὶ ὁ ἥλιος ὥσπερ νῦν τὸ μεσημβρινὸν ἐπιφλέγῃ.
Solon "For I think you understand what follows, what kind of men they are likely to be in arms who even naked would strike fear into the enemy, not displaying idle and white flabbiness or fleshlessness with paleness, like women's bodies withered under the shade, trembling and immediately flowing with much sweat and panting under the helmet, especially if the sun burns fiercely at midday as it does now.
οἷς τί ἄν τις χρήσαιτο διψῶσι καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν οὐκ ἀνεχομένοις καὶ εἰ αἷμα ἴδοιεν, εὐθὺς ταραττομένοις καὶ προαποθνήσκουσι πρὶν ἐντὸς βέλους γενέσθαι καὶ εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις;
What use could anyone make of these men when they are thirsty, unable to endure the dust, and immediately troubled if they see blood, dying beforehand before coming within range of a missile and coming to close quarters with the enemy?
οὗτοι δὲ ἡμῖν ὑπέρυθροι εἰς τὸ μελάντερον ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου κεχρωσμένοι καὶ ἀρρενωποί, πολὺ τὸ ἔμψυχον καὶ θερμὸν καὶ ἀνδρῶδες ἐπιφαίνοντες, τοσαύτης εὐεξίας ἀπολάμποντες, οὔτε ῥικνοὶ καὶ κατεσκληκότες οὔτε περιπληθεῖς εἰς βάρος, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ σύμμετρον περιγεγραμμένοι, τὸ μὲν ἀχρεῖον τῶν σαρκῶν καὶ περιττὸν τοῖς ἱδρῶσιν ἐξαναλωκότες, ὃ δὲ ἰσχὺν καὶ τόνον παρεῖχεν ἀμιγὲς τοῦ φαύλου περιλελειμμένον ἐρρωμένως φυλάττοντες.
But our youths, colored reddish toward darker by the sun and manly, showing much spirit, warmth, and courage, glowing with such great good health, neither shriveled and dried up nor overly heavy, but outlined to symmetry, having consumed the useless and superfluous part of their flesh by sweating, and vigorously preserving what provided strength and vigor, left behind unmixed with the bad.
ὅπερ γὰρ δὴ οἱ λικμῶντες τὸν πυρόν, τοῦτο ἡμῖν καὶ τὰ γυμνάσια ἐργάζεται ἐν τοῖς σώμασι, τὴν μὲν ἄχνην καὶ τοὺς ἀθέρας ἀποφυσῶντα, καθαρὸν δὲ τὸν καρπὸν διευκρινοῦντα καὶ προσωρεύοντα.
For indeed, what those who winnow wheat do, this is exactly what the exercises also work in our bodies, blowing away the chaff and the awns, and sorting out and piling up the clean grain.
§26Σόλων
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὑγιαίνειν τε ἀνάγκη καὶ ἐπὶ μήκιστον διαρκεῖν ἐν τοῖς καμάτοις· ὀψέ τε ἂν ἰδίειν ὁ τοιοῦτος ἄρξαιτο καὶ ὀλιγάκις ἂν ἀσθενῶν φανείη.
Solon And because of this, they must be healthy and endure for a very long time in labors; such a man would begin to sweat late, and would rarely appear to be sick.
ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ πῦρ τις φέρων ἅμα ἐμβάλοι εἰς πυρὸν αὐτὸν καὶ εἰς τὴν καλάμην αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς τὴν ἄχνην — αὖθις γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸν λικμῶντα ἐπάνειμι — θᾶττον ἄν, οἶμαι, παρὰ πολὺ ἡ καλάμη ἀναφλεγείη, ὁ δὲ πυρὸς κατʼ ὀλίγον οὔτε φλογὸς μεγάλης ἀνισταμένης οὔτε ὑπὸ μιᾷ τῇ ὁρμῇ, ἀλλὰ κατὰ μικρὸν ὑποτυφόμενος χρόνῳ ὕστερον καὶ αὐτὸς ἂν κατακαυθείη.
It is just as if someone, bringing fire, should throw it at the same time into the wheat itself, into its straw, and into the chaff—for I return again to the winnower—the straw, I think, would catch fire much more quickly by far, but the wheat, with no great flame rising nor by a single impulse, but smoldering little by little, would itself be burned up later in time.
οὐ τοίνυν οὐδὲ νόσος οὐδὲ κάματος εἰς τοιοῦτο σῶμα ἐμπεσόντα ῥᾳδίως ἐλέγξειεν ἂν οὐδʼ ἐπικρατήσειεν εὐμαρῶς· ἔνδοθέν τε γὰρ εὖ παρεσκεύασται αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ ἔξω μάλα καρτερῶς πέφρακται πρὸς αὐτά, ὡς μὴ παριέναι εἰς τὸ εἴσω, μηδὲ παραδέχεσθαι μήτε ἥλιον αὐτὸν μήτε κρύος ἐπὶ λύμῃ τοῦ σώματος.
Therefore, neither disease nor labor, falling upon such a body, would easily defeat it or readily overcome it; for it has been well prepared within, and its exterior is very strongly fortified against them, so as not to let them pass inside, nor to receive either the sun itself or cold to the damage of the body.
πρός τε τὸ ἐνδιδὸν ἐν τοῖς πόνοις πολὺ τὸ θερμὸν τὸ ἔνδοθεν ἐπιρρέον, ἅτε ἐκ πολλοῦ προπαρεσκευασμένον καὶ εἰς τὴν ἀναγκαίαν χρείαν ἀποκείμενον, ἀναπληροῖ εὐθὺς ἐπάρδον τῇ ἀκμῇ καὶ ἀκαμάτους ἐπὶ πλεῖστον παρέχεται· τὸ γὰρ προπονῆσαι πολλὰ καὶ προκαμεῖν οὐκ ἀνάλωσιν τῆς ἰσχύος, ἀλλʼ ἐπίδοσιν ἐργάζεται, καὶ ἀναρριπιζομένη πλείων γίγνεται.
And against any giving way in labors, much of the heat flowing from within, since it has been prepared beforehand long ago and laid up for necessary use, immediately replenishes it by watering it with vigor and provides them tireless for a very long time; for working beforehand much and laboring beforehand does not cause a consumption of strength, but works an increase, and being fanned, it becomes greater.
§27Σόλων
καὶ μὴν καὶ δρομικοὺς εἶναι ἀσκοῦμεν αὐτοὺς εἰς μῆκός τε διαρκεῖν ἐθίζοντες καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐν βραχεῖ ὠκύτατον ἐπικουφίζοντες· καὶ ὁ δρόμος οὐ πρὸς τὸ στερρὸν καὶ ἀντίτυπον, ἀλλὰ ἐν ψάμμῳ βαθείᾳ, ἔνθα οὔτε βεβαίως ἀπερεῖσαι τὴν βάσιν οὔτε ἐπιστηρίξαι ῥᾴδιον ὑποσυρομένου πρὸς τὸ ὑπεῖκον τοῦ ποδός.
Solon Furthermore, we also train them to be runners, accustoming them to endure in length and making them light for the swiftest speed in a short distance; and the run is not on hard and resistant ground, but in deep sand, where it is not easy to plant the step firmly nor to get a foothold, as the sand slips away under the yielding of the foot.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπεράλλεσθαι τάφρον, εἰ δέοι, ἢ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐμπόδιον, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο ἀσκοῦνται ἡμῖν, ἔτι καὶ μολυβδίδας χειροπληθεῖς ἐν ταῖν χεροῖν ἔχοντες.
But also to leap over a ditch, if necessary, or any other obstacle, they are trained in this for us, even having lead weights that fill the hands in their hands.
εἶτα περὶ ἀκοντίου βολῆς εἰς μῆκος ἁμιλλῶνται.
Then they contend in distance concerning the throw of a javelin.
εἶδες δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τι ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ χαλκοῦν περιφερές, ἀσπίδι μικρᾷ ἐοικὸς ὄχανον οὐκ ἐχούσῃ οὐδὲ τελαμῶνας, καὶ ἐπειράθης γε αὐτοῦ κειμένου ἐν τῷ μέσῳ καὶ ἐδόκει σοι βαρὺ καὶ δύσληπτον ὑπὸ λειότητος.
And you also saw another circular bronze object in the gymnasium, resembling a small shield having neither grip nor straps, and you even tried it as it lay in the middle, and it seemed to you heavy and hard to grasp because of its smoothness.
ἐκεῖνο τοίνυν ἄνω τε ἀναρριπτοῦσιν εἰς τὸν ἀέρα καὶ εἰς τὸ πόρρω, φιλοτιμούμενοι ὅστις ἐπὶ μήκιστον ἐξέλθοι καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ὑπερβάλοιτο· καὶ ὁ πόνος οὗτος ὤμους τε αὐτῶν κρατύνει καὶ τόνον τοῖς ἄκροις ἐντίθησιν.
That, then, they throw up into the air and to a distance, contending eagerly to see who would go furthest and surpass the others; and this labor strengthens their shoulders and puts vigor into their limbs."