§6ἄλλοι δὲ πενίαν μὲν αὐτὴν οὐκ ἂν φοβηθῆναι οὐδὲ καταπλαγῆναί φασιν, εἰ ἐδύναντο τοῖς ἄλλοις ὁμοίως πονοῦντες ἐκπορίζειν τὰ ἄλφιτα, νῦν δέ, πεπονηκέναι γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὰ σώματα ἢ ὑπὸ γήρως ἢ ὑπὸ νόσων, ἐπὶ τήνδε ῥᾴστην οὖσαν τὴν μισθοφορὰν ἀπηντηκέναι.
Others say that they would not have feared or been dismayed by poverty itself, if they had been able to procure their bread by laboring similarly to others; but as it is, since their bodies have been worn out either by old age or by sickness, they have resorted to this pay-earning position as being the easiest.
φέρʼ οὖν ἴδωμεν εἰ ἀληθῆ λέγουσιν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ῥᾴστου, μὴ πολλὰ μηδὲ πλείω τῶν ἄλλων πονοῦσι, περιγίγνεται αὐτοῖς τὰ διδόμενα· εὐχῇ γὰρ ἂν ἐοικότα εἴη ταῦτά γε, μὴ πονήσαντα μηδὲ καμόντα ἕτοιμον ἀργύριον λαβεῖν.
Come then, let us see if they speak the truth, and if what is given comes to them with the greatest ease, while they do not labor much, nor more than others; for this indeed would be like a wish, to receive ready money without laboring or toiling.
τὸ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ῥηθῆναι κατʼ ἀξίαν ἀδύνατον· τοσαῦτα πονοῦσιν καὶ κάμνουσιν ἐν ταῖς συνουσίαις, ὥστε πλείονος ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦτο μάλιστα τῆς ὑγιείας δεῖσθαι, μυρίων ὄντων ὁσημέραι τῶν ἐπιτριβόντων τὸ σῶμα καὶ πρὸς ἐσχάτην ἀπόγνωσιν καταπονούντων.
But it is impossible even to describe this adequately; they labor and toil so much in their associations that they need more health here, and most of all for this, since there are countless things daily that wear down the body and exhaust them to the point of utter despair.
λέξομεν δὲ αὐτὰ ἐν τῷ προσήκοντι καιρῷ, ἐπειδὰν καὶ τὰς ἄλλας αὐτῶν δυσχερείας διεξίωμεν· τὸ δὲ νῦν εἶναι ἱκανὸν ἦν ὑποδεῖξαι ὡς οὐδʼ οἱ διὰ ταύτην λέγοντες αὑτοὺς ἀποδίδοσθαι τὴν πρόφασιν ἀληθεύοιεν ἄν.
We shall speak of these things at the proper time, when we also go through their other difficulties; but for the present, it was enough to point out that not even those who say they sell themselves because of this pretext would be speaking the truth.
§7λοιπὸν δὴ καὶ ἀληθέστατον μέν, ἥκιστα δὲ πρὸς αὐτῶν λεγόμενον, ἡδονῆς ἕνεκα καὶ τῶν πολλῶν καὶ ἀθρόων ἐλπίδων εἰσπηδᾶν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς οἰκίας, καταπλαγέντας μὲν τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ χρυσοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀργύρου, εὐδαιμονήσαντας δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς δείπνοις καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ τρυφῇ, ἐλπίσαντας δὲ ὅσον αὐτίκα χανδὸν οὐδενὸς ἐπιστομίζοντος πίεσθαι τοῦ χρυσίου.
What remains indeed, and is most true, though least mentioned by them, is that they leap into these houses for the sake of pleasure and their many and crowded hopes, being amazed at the quantity of gold and silver, and counting themselves happy at the dinners and other luxury, and hoping that they will immediately drink of the gold greedily with no one to restrain them.
ταῦτα ὑπάγει αὐτοὺς καὶ δούλους ἀντὶ ἐλευθέρων τίθησιν — οὐχ ἡ τῶν ἀναγκαίων χρεία, ἣν ἔφασκον, ἀλλʼ ἡ τῶν οὐκ ἀναγκαίων ἐπιθυμία καὶ ὁ τῶν πολλῶν καὶ πολυτελῶν ἐκείνων ζῆλος.
These things lead them on and make them slaves instead of free men—not the need for necessities, which they claimed, but the desire for non-essentials and the emulation of those many and costly things.
τοιγαροῦν ὥσπερ δυσέρωτας αὐτοὺς καὶ κακοδαίμονας ἐραστὰς ἔντεχνοί τινες καὶ τρίβωνες ἐρώμενοι παραλαβόντες ὑπεροπτικῶς περιέπουσιν, ὅπως ἀεὶ ἐρασθήσονται αὐτῶν θεραπεύοντες, ἀπολαῦσαι δὲ τῶν παιδικῶν ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ μέχρι φιλήματος ἄκρου μεταδιδόντες· ἴσασι γὰρ ἐν τῷ τυχεῖν τὴν διάλυσιν τοῦ ἔρωτος γενησομένην.
Therefore, just as if they were unhappy and ill-fated lovers, certain artful and experienced beloveds take them in and treat them with disdain, taking care that they will always love them, but sharing the enjoyment of their charms not even to the tip of a kiss; for they know that in obtaining them, the dissolution of love will occur.
ταύτην οὖν ἀποκλείουσιν καὶ ζηλοτύπως φυλάττουσιν· τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἐπʼ ἐλπίδος ἀεὶ τὸν ἐραστὴν ἔχουσιν.
Therefore, they shut this out and guard it jealously, and in other matters they always keep the lover on hope.
δεδίασι γὰρ μὴ αὐτὸν ἡ ἀπόγνωσις ἀπαγάγῃ τῆς ἄγαν ἐπιθυμίας καὶ ἀνέραστος αὐτοῖς γένηται· προσμειδιῶσιν οὖν καὶ ὑπισχνοῦνται καὶ ἀεὶ εὖ ποιήσουσι καὶ χαριοῦνται καὶ ἐπιμελήσονται πολυτελῶς.
For they fear lest despair lead him away from his excessive desire and he become unloving to them; so they smile upon him and promise, and say they will always do him good, gratify him, and care for him sumptuously.
εἶτʼ ἔλαθον ἄμφω γηράσαντες, ἔξωροι γενόμενοι καὶ οὗτος τοῦ ἐρᾶν κἀκεῖνος τοῦ μεταδιδόναι.
Then, without realizing it, both grow old, having passed their prime, the one for loving and the other for sharing.
πέπρακται δʼ οὖν αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν ἐν ἅπαντι τῷ βίῳ πέρα τῆς ἐλπίδος.
Thus, nothing has been accomplished by them in their whole life beyond hope.
§8τὸ μὲν δὴ διʼ ἡδονῆς ἐπιθυμίαν ἅπαντα ὑπομένειν οὐ πάνυ ἴσως ὑπαίτιον, ἀλλὰ συγγνώμη εἴ τις ἡδονῇ χαίρει καὶ τοῦτο ἐξ ἅπαντος θεραπεύει ὅπως μεθέξει αὐτῆς. καίτοι αἰσχρὸν ἴσως καὶ ἀνδραποδῶδες ἀποδόσθαι διὰ ταύτην ἑαυτόν·
To endure all things for the sake of the desire for pleasure is perhaps not altogether blameworthy, but there is pardon if someone delights in pleasure and courts it by all means so that he may partake of it.
πολὺ γὰρ ἡδίων ἡ ἐκ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἡδονή. ὅμως δʼ οὖν ἐχέτω τινὰ συγγνώμην αὐτοῖς, εἰ ἐπιτυγχάνοιτο·
And yet, it is perhaps shameful and slavish to sell oneself for this; for the pleasure that comes from freedom is far sweeter.
τὸ δὲ διʼ ἡδονῆς ἐλπίδα μόνον πολλὰς ἀηδίας ὑπομένειν γελοῖον οἶμαι καὶ ἀνόητον, καὶ ταῦτα ὁρῶντας ὡς οἱ μὲν πόνοι σαφεῖς καὶ πρόδηλοι καὶ ἀναγκαῖοι, τὸ δὲ ἐλπιζόμενον ἐκεῖνο, ὁτιδήποτέ ἐστιν τὸ ἡδύ, οὔτε ἐγένετό πω τοσούτου χρόνου, προσέτι δὲ οὐδὲ γενήσεσθαι ἔοικεν, εἴ τις ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας λογίζοιτο.
Nevertheless, let there be some pardon for them, if it is obtained; but to endure many unpleasantnesses for the hope of pleasure alone is, I think, ridiculous and foolish, and that too when they see that the labors are clear, manifest, and necessary, while that hoped-for thing, whatever the pleasure is, has not yet occurred in so long a time, and moreover does not even seem likely to occur, if one calculates from the truth.
οἱ μέν γε τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως ἑταῖροι γλυκύν τινα τὸν λωτὸν ἐσθίοντες ἠμέλουν τῶν ἄλλων καὶ πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἡδὺ τῶν καλῶς ἐχόντων κατεφρόνουν· ὥστε οὐ πάντῃ ἄλογος αὐτῶν ἡ λήθη τοῦ καλοῦ, πρὸς τῷ ἡδεῖ ἐκείνῳ τῆς ψυχῆς διατριβούσης.
The companions of Odysseus, eating some sweet lotus, neglected other things and despised what was honorable for the sake of the present pleasure; so their forgetfulness of the honorable was not altogether irrational, since their soul was lingering at that pleasure.
τὸ δὲ λιμῷ συνόντα παρεστῶτα ἄλλῳ τοῦ λωτοῦ ἐμφορουμένῳ μηδὲν μεταδιδόντι ὑπὸ ἐλπίδος μόνης τοῦ κἂν αὐτὸν παραγεύσασθαί ποτε δεδέσθαι, τῶν καλῶς καὶ ὀρθῶς ἐχόντων ἐπιλελησμένον, Ἡράκλεις, ὡς καταγέλαστον καὶ πληγῶν τινων Ὁμηρικῶν ὡς ἀληθῶς δεόμενον.
But to be tied down by the hope alone that one might also taste it some day, while keeping company with hunger and standing beside another who is sated with the lotus and sharing nothing, having forgotten what is honorable and right—by Heracles, how ridiculous this is, and truly in need of some Homeric blows!