§4ῥηθήσεται δὲ ὁ πᾶς λόγος τὸ μὲν ὅλον ἴσως διὰ σέ, πλὴν ἀλλʼ οὔ γε περὶ τῶν φιλοσοφούντων ὑμῶν μόνον, οὐδὲ ὁπόσοι σπουδαιοτέραν τὴν προαίρεσιν προείλοντο ἐν τῷ βίῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ γραμματιστῶν καὶ ῥητόρων καὶ μουσικῶν καὶ ὅλως τῶν ἐπὶ παιδείαις συνεῖναι καὶ μισθοφορεῖν ἀξιουμένων.
And the entire discourse will be spoken perhaps on your account on the whole, except indeed that it is not only about you who practice philosophy, nor only about those who have chosen a more serious purpose in life, but also about grammarians and rhetoricians and musicians, and in general about those who, on the basis of their education, are deemed worthy to associate and to receive pay.
κοινῶν δὲ ὡς ἐπίπαν ὄντων καὶ ὁμοίων τῶν συμβαινόντων ἅπασι, δῆλον ὡς οὐκ ἐξαίρετα μέν, αἰσχίω δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄντα γίγνεται τοῖς φιλοσοφοῦσιν, εἰ τῶν ὁμοίων τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀξιοῖντο καὶ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς σεμνότερον οἱ μισθοδόται ἄγοιεν.
Since the things that happen are generally common and similar to all, it is clear that these same things do not become exceptional, but rather more shameful for those who practice philosophy, if they should be deemed worthy of the same things as others, and their employers should treat them with no greater respect.
ὅ τι δʼ ἂν οὖν ὁ λόγος αὐτὸς ἐπιὼν ἐξευρίσκῃ, τούτου τὴν αἰτίαν μάλιστα μὲν οἱ ποιοῦντες αὐτοί, ἔπειτα δὲ οἱ ὑπομένοντες αὐτὰ δίκαιοι ἔχειν· ἐγὼ δὲ ἀναίτιος, εἰ μὴ ἀληθείας καὶ παρρησίας ἐπιτίμιόν τί ἐστιν.
Whatever, then, this discourse itself as it proceeds may discover, for this, those who do them themselves have the greatest right to bear the blame, and next, those who submit to them; but I am blameless, unless there is some penalty for truth and free speech.
τοὺς μέντοι τοῦ ἄλλου πλήθους, οἷον γυμναστάς τινας ἢ κόλακας, ἰδιώτας καὶ μικροὺς τὰς γνώμας καὶ ταπεινοὺς αὐτόθεν ἀνθρώπους, οὔτε ἀποτρέπειν ἄξιον τῶν τοιούτων συνουσιῶν, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν πεισθεῖεν, οὔτε μὴν αἰτιᾶσθαι καλῶς ἔχει μὴ ἀπολειπομένους τῶν μισθοδοτῶν εἰ καὶ πάνυ πολλὰ ὑβρίζοιντο ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, ἐπιτήδειοι γὰρ καὶ οὐκ ἀνάξιοι τῆς τοιαύτης διατριβῆς·
However, those of the other multitude, such as certain trainers or flatterers, uneducated men, petty in their minds and inherently base, it is neither worthwhile to turn them away from such associations, for they would not be persuaded, nor is it right to blame them for not leaving their employers even if they should be very greatly insulted by them; for they are suited to and not unworthy of such a pastime.
ἄλλως τε οὐδὲ σχοῖεν ἄν τι ἄλλο πρὸς ὅ τι χρὴ ἀποκλίναντας αὐτοὺς παρέχειν αὑτοὺς ἐνεργούς, ἀλλʼ ἤν τις αὐτῶν ἀφέλῃ τοῦτο, ἄτεχνοι αὐτίκα καὶ ἀργοὶ καὶ περιττοί εἰσιν.
And besides, they would not have anything else towards which they might turn and keep themselves active, but if someone takes this away from them, they are immediately unskilled, idle, and redundant.
οὐδὲν οὖν οὔτʼ αὐτοὶ δεινὸν πάσχοιεν ἂν οὔτʼ ἐκεῖνοι ὑβρισταὶ δοκοῖεν εἰς τὴν ἀμίδα, φασίν, ἐνουροῦντες· ἐπὶ γάρ τοι τὴν ὕβριν ταύτην ἐξ ἀρχῆς παρέρχονται εἰς τὰς οἰκίας, καὶ ἡ τέχνη φέρειν καὶ ἀνέχεσθαι τὰ γιγνόμενα.
Therefore, neither would they themselves seem to suffer anything terrible, nor would those employers seem to be abusive in urinating into the chamber pot, as the saying goes; for indeed they enter into the houses for this very insult from the beginning, and their art is to bear and endure what happens.
περὶ δὲ ὧν προεῖπον τῶν πεπαιδευμένων ἄξιον ἀγανακτεῖν καὶ πειρᾶσθαι ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα μετάγειν αὐτοὺς καὶ πρὸς ἐλευθερίαν ἀφαιρεῖσθαι.
But concerning those educated men whom I mentioned before, it is right to be indignant and to try as much as possible to lead them back and rescue them for freedom.
§5δοκῶ δέ μοι καλῶς ἂν ποιῆσαι, εἰ τὰς αἰτίας ἀφʼ ὧν ἐπὶ τὸν τοιοῦτον βίον ἀφικνοῦνταί τινες προεξετάσας δείξαιμι οὐ πάνυ βιαίους οὐδʼ ἀναγκαίας· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀπολογία προαναιροῖτο καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὑπόθεσις τῆς ἐθελοδουλείας.
And I think I would do well if, having examined beforehand the causes from which some arrive at such a life, I should show that they are not very compelling or necessary; for in this way their defense would be removed beforehand, along with the primary premise of their voluntary slavery.
οἱ μὲν δὴ πολλοὶ τὴν πενίαν καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀναγκαίων χρείαν προθέμενοι ἱκανὸν τοῦτο προκάλυμμα οἴονται προβεβλῆσθαι τῆς πρὸς τὸν βίον τοῦτον αὐτομολίας, καὶ ἀποχρῆν αὐτοῖς νομίζουσιν εἰ λέγοιεν ὡς συγγνώμης ἄξιον ποιοῦσιν τὸ χαλεπώτατον τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ, τὴν πενίαν, διαφυγεῖν ζητοῦντες·
Most indeed, setting forward poverty and the need for necessities, think they have put forward this sufficient pretext as a screen for their desertion to this life, and they think it is sufficient for them if they should say that they do what is worthy of pardon, seeking to escape poverty, the most difficult of things in life.
εἶτα ὁ Θέογνις πρόχειρος καὶ πολὺ τό,
"πᾶς γὰρ ἀνὴρ πενίῃ δεδμημένος"
καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα δείματα ὑπὲρ τῆς πενίας οἱ ἀγεννέστατοι τῶν ποιητῶν ἐξενηνόχασιν.
Then Theognis is ready at hand, and frequently that verse, "For every man subdued by poverty," and whatever other terrors about poverty the most ignoble of poets have published.
ἐγὼ δʼ εἰ μὲν ἑώρων αὐτοὺς φυγήν τινα ὡς ἀληθῶς τῆς πενίας εὑρισκομένους ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων συνουσιῶν, οὐκ ἂν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἄγαν ἐλευθερίας ἐμικρολογούμην πρὸς αὐτούς· ἐπεὶ δὲ — ὡς ὁ καλός που ῥήτωρ ἔφη — τοῖς τῶν νοσούντων σιτίοις ἐοικότα λαμβάνουσι, τίς ἔτι μηχανὴ μὴ οὐχὶ καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο κακῶς βεβουλεῦσθαι δοκεῖν αὐτούς, ἀεὶ μενούσης αὐτοῖς ὁμοίας τῆς ὑποθέσεως τοῦ βίου;
But if I saw them finding some genuine escape from poverty in such associations, I would not be so petty towards them on behalf of excessive freedom; but since—as the fine orator somewhere said—they receive things like the food of the sick, what means is there still for them not to seem to have planned badly in this regard also, since the premise of their life always remains the same?
πενία γὰρ εἰσαεὶ καὶ τὸ λαμβάνειν ἀναγκαῖον καὶ ἀπόθετον οὐδὲν οὐδὲ περιττὸν εἰς φυλακήν, ἀλλὰ τὸ δοθέν, κἂν δοθῇ, κἂν ἀθρόως ληφθῇ, πᾶν ἀκριβῶς καὶ τῆς χρείας ἐνδεῶς καταναλίσκεται.
For poverty is forever, and receiving is necessary, and there is nothing stored up nor any surplus for protection, but what is given, even if it is given, even if it is received all at once, is entirely and precisely consumed in a manner falling short of their need.
καλῶς δὲ εἶχε μὴ τοιαύτας τινὰς ἀφορμὰς ἐπινοεῖν αἳ τὴν πενίαν τηροῦσι παραβοηθοῦσαι μόνον αὐτῇ, ἀλλʼ αἳ τέλεον ἐξαιρήσουσιν, καὶ ὑπέρ γε τοῦ τοιούτου καὶ εἰς βαθυκήτεα πόντον ἴσως ῥιπτεῖν, εἰ δεῖ, ὦ Θέογνι, καὶ πετρέων, ὡς φής, κατʼ ἠλιβάτων.
But it would have been well not to devise such resources as preserve poverty while only giving it temporary aid, but rather those which will completely remove it; and on behalf of such a thing, it would perhaps be right even to throw oneself "into the deep-monstrous sea," if necessary, O Theognis, and "from steep cliffs," as you say.
εἰ δέ τις ἀεὶ πένης καὶ ἐνδεὴς καὶ ὑπόμισθος ὢν οἴεται πενίαν αὐτῷ τούτῳ διαπεφευγέναι, οὐκ οἶδα πῶς ὁ τοιοῦτος οὐκ ἂν δόξειεν ἑαυτὸν ἐξαπατᾶν.
But if someone, being always poor and needy and under pay, thinks he has escaped poverty by this very thing, I do not know how such a person would not seem to deceive himself.