§24καὶ τὸ μὲν ἄνδρας ἰδιώτας καὶ ἀναφανδὸν τὴν ἀπαιδευσίαν ὁμολογοῦντας τὰ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖν, μετριώτερον ἂν εἰκότως νομισθείη· τὸ δὲ καὶ τῶν φιλοσοφεῖν προσποιουμένων πολλοὺς πολλῷ ἔτι τούτων γελοιότερα δρᾶν, τοῦτʼ ἤδη τὸ δεινότατόν ἐστι.
And that private individuals and those who openly admit their lack of education should do such things might reasonably be thought more moderate; but that many of those who pretend to practice philosophy should do things far more ridiculous than these, this indeed is now the most terrible thing.
πῶς γὰρ οἴει τὴν ψυχὴν διατεθεῖσθαί μοι, ὅταν ἴδω τούτων τινά, μάλιστα τῶν προβεβηκότων, ἀναμεμιγμένον κολάκων ὄχλῳ καὶ τῶν ἐπʼ ἀξίας τινὰ δορυφοροῦντα καὶ τοῖς ἐπὶ τὰ δεῖπνα παραγγέλλουσι κοινολογούμενον, ἐπισημότερον δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος ὄντα καὶ φανερώτερον;
For how do you think my soul is affected when I see one of these, especially one of the elderly, mixed up with a crowd of flatterers, attending on someone of high rank, and conversing with those who announce the dinners, being more conspicuous than the others from his appearance and more manifest?
καὶ ὃ μάλιστα ἀγανακτῶ, ὅτι μὴ καὶ τὴν σκευὴν μεταλαμβάνουσι, τὰ ἄλλα γε ὁμοίως ὑποκρινόμενοι τοῦ δράματος.
And what I am most indignant about is that they do not even change their attire, although they act the rest of the drama in like manner.
§25ἃ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς συμποσίοις ἐργάζονται, τίνι τῶν καλῶν εἰκάσομεν;
For to which of the beautiful things shall we compare what they do at the symposia?
οὐκ ἐμφοροῦνται μὲν ἀπειροκαλώτερον, μεθύσκονται δὲ φανερώτερον, ἐξανίστανται δὲ πάντων ὕστατοι, πλείω δὲ ἀποφέρειν τῶν ἄλλων ἀξιοῦσιν;
Do they not stuff themselves in a more vulgar manner, get drunk more visibly, rise up last of all, and demand to carry away more than the others?
οἱ δὲ ἀστειότεροι πολλάκις αὐτῶν καὶ ᾆσαι προήχθησαν.
And the more refined of them are often induced even to sing.
καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὖν γελοῖα ἡγεῖτο· μάλιστα δὲ ἐμέμνητο τῶν ἐπὶ μισθῷ φιλοσοφούντων καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ὤνιον ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀγορᾶς προτιθέντων·
These things, therefore, he thought ridiculous; and he especially mentioned those who practice philosophy for pay and offer virtue for sale as if from the market.
ἐργαστήρια γοῦν ἐκάλει καὶ καπηλεῖα τὰς τούτων διατριβάς· ἠξίου γὰρ τὸν πλούτου καταφρονεῖν διδάξοντα πρῶτον αὑτὸν παρέχειν ὑψηλότερον λημμάτων.
At any rate, he called their lecture rooms "workshops" and "retail shops"; for he maintained that the one who is to teach others to despise wealth must first show himself higher than gains.
§26ἀμέλει καὶ πράττων ταῦτα διετέλει, οὐ μόνον προῖκα τοῖς ἀξιοῦσι συνδιατρίβων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς δεομένοις ἐπαρκῶν καὶ πάσης περιουσίας καταφρονῶν, τοσούτου δέων ὀρέγεσθαι τῶν οὐδὲν προσηκόντων, ὥστε μηδὲ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ φθειρομένων ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν, ὅς γε καὶ ἀγρὸν οὐ πόρρω τῆς πόλεως κεκτημένος οὐδὲ ἐπιβῆναι αὐτοῦ πολλῶν ἐτῶν ἠξίωσεν, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὑτοῦ εἶναι διωμολόγει, ταῦτʼ οἶμαι ὑπειληφώς, ὅτι τούτων φύσει μὲν οὐδενός ἐσμεν κύριοι, νόμῳ δὲ καὶ διαδοχῇ τὴν χρῆσιν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀόριστον παραλαμβάνοντες ὀλιγοχρόνιοι δεσπόται νομιζόμεθα, κἀπειδὰν ἡ προθεσμία παρέλθῃ, τηνικαῦτα παραλαβὼν ἄλλος ἀπολαύει τοῦ ὀνόματος.
Certainly, he also continued to practice this, not only associating with those who wished for free, but also helping those in need and despising all abundance, being so far from desiring what did not belong to him at all, that he did not even take thought of his own property being ruined. He, who possessed a field not far from the city, did not even think it worthy to set foot on it for many years, nor indeed did he at all admit that it was his own, having assumed this, I suppose: that we are by nature masters of none of these things, but receiving the use of them by law and succession indefinitely, we are considered temporary masters, and when the term passes, then another receiving it enjoys the name.
οὐ μικρὰ δὲ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνα παρέχει τοῖς ζηλοῦν ἐθέλουσι παραδείγματα, τῆς τροφῆς τὸ ἀπέριττον καὶ τῶν γυμνασίων τὸ σύμμετρον καὶ τοῦ προσώπου τὸ αἰδέσιμον καὶ τῆς ἐσθῆτος τὸ μέτριον, ἐφʼ ἅπασι δὲ τούτοις τῆς διανοίας τὸ ἡρμοσμένον καὶ τὸ ἥμερον τοῦ τρόπου.
And those things also provide no small examples to those who wish to emulate him: the simplicity of his food, the moderation of his exercises, the respectability of his face, the modesty of his clothing, and, in addition to all these, the harmony of his mind and the gentleness of his character.
§27παρῄνει δὲ τοῖς συνοῦσι μήτʼ ἀναβάλλεσθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν, ὅπερ τοὺς πολλοὺς ποιεῖν προθεσμίας ὁριζομένους ἑορτὰς ἢ πανηγύρεις, ὡς ἀπʼ ἐκείνων ἀρξομένους τοῦ μὴ ψεύσασθαι καὶ τοῦ τὰ δέοντα ποιῆσαι· ἠξίου γὰρ ἀμέλλητον εἶναι τὴν πρὸς τὸ καλὸν ὁρμήν.
And he advised his associates not to postpone the good, which is what the majority of people do, setting festivals or public assemblies as deadlines, as if they were going to begin from those days not to lie and to do what is necessary; for he demanded that the impulse toward the beautiful should be immediate.
δῆλος δὲ ἦν καὶ τῶν τοιούτων κατεγνωκὼς φιλοσόφων, οἳ ταύτην ἄσκησιν ἀρετῆς ὑπελάμβανον, ἢν πολλαῖς ἀνάγκαις καὶ πόνοις τοὺς νέους ἀντέχειν καταγυμνάσωσιν, τοῦτο μὲν ψυχρολουτεῖν οἱ πολλοὶ κελεύοντες, ἄλλοι δὲ μαστιγοῦντες, οἱ δὲ χαριέστεροι καὶ σιδήρῳ τὰς ἐπιφανείας αὐτῶν καταξύοντες.
And he was also clearly condemning those philosophers who assumed this to be the training of virtue, if they should train the young to endure many compulsions and labors, some commanding them to take cold baths, others flogging them, and the more refined scraping their skin surfaces with iron.
§28ἡγεῖτο γὰρ χρῆναι πολὺ πρότερον ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς τὸ στέρρον τοῦτο καὶ ἀπαθὲς κατασκευάσαι, καὶ τὸν ἄριστα παιδεύειν ἀνθρώπους προαιρούμενον τοῦτο μὲν ψυχῆς, τοῦτο δὲ σώματος, τοῦτο δὲ ἡλικίας τε καὶ τῆς πρότερον ἀγωγῆς ἐστοχάσθαι, ἵνα μὴ τὰ παρὰ δύναμιν ἐπιτάττων ἐλέγχηται·
For he thought that it was necessary much earlier to establish in the souls this firm and impassive condition, and that the one who chooses to educate people best must aim at, on the one hand, the soul, on the other hand, the body, and again, the age and the previous upbringing, so that he may not be exposed by commanding things beyond their power.
πολλοὺς γοῦν καὶ τελευτᾶν ἔφασκεν οὕτως ἀλόγως ἐπιταθέντας· ἕνα δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον, ὃς καὶ γευσάμενος τῶν παρʼ ἐκείνοις κακῶν, ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα λόγων ἀληθῶν ἐπήκουσεν, ἀμεταστρεπτὶ φεύγων ὡς αὐτὸν ἀφίκετο καὶ δῆλος ἦν ῥᾷον διακείμενος.
At any rate, he said that many even died when strained so unreasonably; and I myself saw one who, having tasted the evils under those men, as soon as he heard true words, fled without turning back and came to him, and was clearly in a more comfortable state.
§29ἤδη δὲ τούτων ἀποστὰς τῶν ἄλλων αὖθις ἀνθρώπων ἐμέμνητο καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ πόλει ταραχὰς διεξῄει καὶ τὸν ὠθισμὸν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ θέατρα καὶ τὸν ἱππόδρομον καὶ τὰς τῶν ἡνιόχων εἰκόνας καὶ τὰ τῶν ἵππων ὀνόματα καὶ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς στενωποῖς περὶ τούτων διαλόγους· πολλὴ γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἡ ἱππομανία καὶ πολλῶν ἤδη σπουδαίων εἶναι δοκούντων ἐπείληπται.
And now, departing from these, he again made mention of other people and went through the disturbances in the city, their crowding, the theaters, the hippodrome, the statues of the charioteers, the names of the horses, and the dialogues about these in the alleys; for indeed the horse-madness is truly great and has already seized many who seem to be serious people.