§20ἔνεστι δὲ καὶ φιλοσοφίαν θαυμάσαι παραθεωροῦντα τὴν τοσαύτην ἄνοιαν, καὶ τῶν τῆς τύχης ἀγαθῶν καταφρονεῖν ὁρῶντα ὥσπερ ἐν σκηνῇ καὶ πολυπροσώπῳ δράματι τὸν μὲν ἐξ οἰκέτου δεσπότην προϊόντα, τὸν δʼ ἀντὶ πλουσίου πένητα, τὸν δὲ σατράπην ἐκ πένητος ἢ βασιλέα, τὸν δὲ φίλον τούτου, τὸν δὲ ἐχθρόν, τὸν δὲ φυγάδα·
It is possible also to admire philosophy as one observes such great folly, and to despise the goods of fortune as one sees, as if on a stage and in a multi-character drama, one person progressing from a slave to a master, another becoming poor instead of rich, another a satrap or king from a poor man, another a friend of this man, another an enemy, and another an exile.
τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ τὸ δεινότατόν ἐστιν, ὅτι καίτοι μαρτυρομένης τῆς Τύχης παίζειν τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πράγματα καὶ ὁμολογούσης μηδὲν αὐτῶν εἶναι βέβαιον, ὅμως ταῦθʼ ὁσημέραι βλέποντες ὀρέγονται καὶ πλούτου καὶ δυναστείας καὶ μεστοὶ περιίασι πάντες οὐ γινομένων ἐλπίδων.
For this indeed is the most terrible thing, that although Fortune witnesses that she plays with human affairs and confesses that nothing of them is secure, nevertheless, beholding these things every day, people long for both wealth and power, and they all go around full of hopes that do not come to pass.
§21ὃ δὲ δὴ ἔφην, ὅτι καὶ γελᾶν ἐν τοῖς γιγνομένοις ἔνεστι καὶ ψυχαγωγεῖσθαι, τοῦτο ἤδη σοι φράσω.
But what I indeed said, that it is possible both to laugh at and to be entertained by what is happening, this I will now tell you.
πῶς γὰρ οὐ γελοῖοι μὲν πλουτοῦντες αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰς πορφυρίδας προφαίνοντες καὶ τοὺς δακτυλίους προτείνοντες καὶ πολλὴν κατηγοροῦντες ἀπειροκαλίαν, τὸ δὲ καινότατον, τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας ἀλλοτρίᾳ φωνῇ προσαγορεύοντες, ἀγαπᾶν ἀξιοῦντες, ὅτι μόνον αὐτοὺς προσέβλεψαν, οἱ δὲ σεμνότεροι καὶ προσκυνεῖσθαι περιμένοντες, οὐ πόρρωθεν οὐδʼ ὡς Πέρσαις νόμος, ἀλλὰ δεῖ προσελθόντα καὶ ὑποκύψαντα, τὴν ψυχὴν ταπεινώσαντα καὶ τὸ πάθος αὐτῆς ἐμφανίσαντα τῇ τοῦ σώματος ὁμοιότητι, τὸ στῆθος ἢ τὴν δεξιὰν καταφιλεῖν, ζηλωτὸν καὶ περίβλεπτον τοῖς μηδὲ τούτου τυγχάνουσιν·
For how are they not ridiculous, the rich themselves, displaying their purple cloaks, stretching out their rings, and revealing much bad taste, and, most strange of all, greeting those they meet with another's voice, expecting them to be content that they merely looked at them? And the more solemn ones, waiting to be prostrated before, not from afar nor as is the custom for Persians, but one must approach and bow down, humbling the soul and displaying its condition by the likeness of the body, and kiss the breast or the right hand, a thing envied and admired by those who do not even obtain this.
ὁ δʼ ἕστηκεν παρέχων ἑαυτὸν εἰς πλείω χρόνον ἐξαπατώμενον.
And he stands offering himself to be deceived for a longer time.
ἐπαινῶ δέ γε ταύτης αὐτοὺς τῆς ἀπανθρωπίας, ὅτι μὴ καὶ τοῖς στόμασιν ἡμᾶς προσίενται.
But I, at least, praise them for this inhumanity, that they do not admit us even with their mouths.
§22πολὺ δὲ τούτων οἱ προσιόντες αὐτοὶ καὶ θεραπεύοντες γελοιότεροι, νυκτὸς μὲν ἐξανιστάμενοι μέσης, περιθέοντες δὲ ἐν κύκλῳ τὴν πόλιν καὶ πρὸς τῶν οἰκετῶν ἀποκλειόμενοι, κύνες καὶ κόλακες καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀκούειν ὑπομένοντες.
But far more ridiculous than these are those who approach and court them themselves, rising up in the middle of the night, running around the city in a circle, and being shut out by the slaves, enduring to be called dogs and flatterers and such things.
γέρας δὲ τῆς πικρᾶς ταύτης αὐτοῖς περιόδου τὸ φορτικὸν ἐκεῖνο δεῖπνον καὶ πολλῶν αἴτιον συμφορῶν, ἐν ᾧ πόσα μὲν ἐμφαγόντες, πόσα δὲ παρὰ γνώμην ἐμπιόντες, πόσα δὲ ὧν οὐκ ἐχρῆν ἀπολαλήσαντες ἢ μεμφόμενοι τὸ τελευταῖον ἢ δυσφοροῦντες ἀπίασιν ἢ διαβάλλοντες τὸ δεῖπνον ἢ ὕβριν ἢ μικρολογίαν ἐγκαλοῦντες.
And the prize for this bitter round of theirs is that vulgar dinner, and the cause of many misfortunes, in which, having stuffed themselves with so much food, and having drunk so much against their will, and having babbled out so much of what they ought not, they depart at last either complaining or being resentful, or defaming the dinner, or accusing them of insolence or cheapness.
πλήρεις δὲ αὐτῶν ἐμούντων οἱ στενωποὶ καὶ πρὸς τοῖς χαμαιτυπείοις μαχομένων· καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν οἱ πλείονες αὐτῶν κατακλιθέντες ἰατροῖς παρέχουσιν ἀφορμὰς περιόδων·
And the alleys are full of them vomiting and fighting near the brothels; and by day most of them, having taken to their beds, provide doctors with occasions for rounds.
ἔνιοι μὲν γάρ, τὸ καινότατον, οὐδὲ νοσεῖν σχολάζουσιν.
For some indeed, most strange of all, do not even have leisure to be sick.
§23ἐγὼ μέντοι γε πολὺ τῶν κολακευομένων ἐξωλεστέρους τοὺς κόλακας ὑπείληφα, καὶ σχεδὸν αὐτοὺς ἐκείνοις καθίστασθαι τῆς ὑπερηφανίας αἰτίους·
I, however, have conceived the flatterers to be far more destructive than those who are flattered, and that they almost themselves become the cause of their arrogance.
ὅταν γὰρ αὐτῶν τὴν περιουσίαν θαυμάσωσιν καὶ τὸν χρυσὸν ἐπαινέσωσιν καὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας ἕωθεν ἐμπλήσωσιν καὶ προσελθόντες ὥσπερ δεσπότας προσείπωσιν, τί καὶ φρονήσειν ἐκείνους εἰκός ἐστιν;
For when they admire their abundance and praise their gold and fill their portals from dawn and, approaching, address them as masters, what is it likely that those men will think of themselves?
εἰ δέ γε κοινῷ δόγματι κἂν πρὸς ὀλίγον ἀπέσχοντο τῆσδε τῆς ἐθελοδουλείας, οὐκ ἂν οἴει τοὐναντίον αὐτοὺς ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τῶν πτωχῶν δεομένους τοὺς πλουσίους, μὴ ἀθέατον αὐτῶν μηδʼ ἀμάρτυρον τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν καταλιπεῖν μηδʼ ἀνόνητόν τε καὶ ἄχρηστον τῶν τραπεζῶν τὸ κάλλος καὶ τῶν οἴκων τὸ μέγεθος;
But if, by a common decree, they refrained even for a little while from this voluntary slavery, do you not think that, on the contrary, the rich would come to the doors of the poor, begging them not to leave their happiness unseen and un-witnessed, nor the beauty of their tables and the size of their houses useless and unprofitable?
οὐ γὰρ οὕτω τοῦ πλουτεῖν ἐρῶσιν ὡς τοῦ διὰ τὸ πλουτεῖν εὐδαιμονίζεσθαι.
For they do not love being rich so much as being congratulated because of being rich.
καὶ οὕτω δὴ ἔχει, μηδὲν ὄφελος εἶναι περικαλλοῦς οἰκίας τῷ οἰκοῦντι μηδὲ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἐλέφαντος, εἰ μή τις αὐτὰ θαυμάζοι.
And so it is, that there is no benefit of a beautiful house to its inhabitant, nor of gold and ivory, unless someone should admire them.
ἐχρῆν οὖν ταύτῃ καθαιρεῖν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπευωνίζειν τὴν δυναστείαν ἐπιτειχίσαντας τῷ πλούτῳ τὴν ὑπεροψίαν· νῦν δὲ λατρεύοντες εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἄγουσιν.
It was necessary, therefore, in this way to pull down and cheapen their power, by building up disdain as a fortress against their wealth; but as it is, by serving them, they drive them to madness.