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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.86.1-20.86.4

Demetrius' Seizure of the Mole and Rhodian Fire Ship Defense

Passage 274 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Demetrius launches a surprise attack to seize the tip of the mole of the great harbor, damaging the walls and engaging in a fierce battle. The Rhodians attempt a counterattack with fire ships but are repulsed.

§20.86.1ἀμφοτέρων δὲ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον παρεσκευασμένων ὁ Δημήτριος τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπιβαλόμενος προσάγειν τὰς μηχανὰς τοῖς λιμέσιν ἐκωλύθη κλύδωνος ἐπιγενομένου τραχυτέρου· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα νυκτὸς εὐδίας λαβόμενος ἔλαθε παραπλεύσας καὶ καταλαβόμενος ἄκρον τὸ χῶμα τοῦ μεγάλου λιμένος εὐθὺς περιεχαράκωσε τὸν τόπον καὶ διέφραξε θυρώμασι καὶ πέτροις, ἐξεβίβασε δʼ εἰς αὐτὸν στρατιώτας τετρακοσίους καὶ βελῶν πλῆθος παντοδαπῶν, ἀπέχοντος ἀπὸ τῶν τειχῶν τοῦ τόπου τούτου πέντε πλέθρα.
When both sides had made their preparations in this manner, Demetrius at first, though attempting to bring his engines near the harbors, was prevented because a rougher swell arose; but after this, taking advantage of a calm night, he sailed past undetected, and having seized the tip of the mole of the great harbor, he immediately barricaded the place with a palisade and blocked it with doors and stones; and he landed upon it four hundred soldiers and a multitude of missiles of every kind, this place being five plethra distant from the walls.
§20.86.2ἔπειθʼ ἡμέρας γενομένης παρεκόμισε τὰς μηχανὰς εἰς τὸν λιμένα μετὰ σάλπιγγος καὶ κραυγῆς ταὶ τοῖς μὲν ἐλάττοσιν ὀξυβελέσι μακρὰν φερομένοις ἀνεῖργε τοὺς ἐργαζομένους τὸ παρὰ τὸν λιμένα τεῖχος, τοῖς δὲ πετροβόλοις τάς τε μηχανὰς τῶν πολεμίων καὶ τὸ διὰ τοῦ χώματος τεῖχος τῇ μὲν διέσεισε, τῇ δὲ κατέβαλεν, ἀσθενὲς ὑπάρχον καὶ ταπεινὸν ἐκείνοις τοῖς καιροῖς.
Then, when day came, he brought the engines into the harbor with trumpet and shouting, and with the smaller catapults that shot a long distance he kept back those who were working on the wall along the harbor, while with the ballistae he shook the engines of the enemy and the wall along the mole in one place and threw it down in another, it being weak and low at those times.
§20.86.3ἀμυνομένων δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως εὐρώστως τότε μὲν ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν διετέλεσαν ἀμφότεροι πολλὰ κακὰ καὶ δρῶντες καὶ πάσχοντες· τῆς δὲ νυκτὸς ἤδη καταλαμβανούσης ὁ μὲν Δημήτριος ταῖς ῥυμουλκούσαις ναυσὶν ἀπήγαγε τὰς μηχανὰς πάλιν ἔξω βέλους· οἱ δὲ Ῥόδιοι ξηρᾶς ὕλης καὶ δᾳδὸς ἀκάτια πληρώσαντες καὶ πῦρ ἐνθέμενοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπιδιώξαντες προσέπλεον ταῖς μηχαναῖς ταῖς τῶν πολεμίων καὶ τὴν ὕλην ὑφῆψαν, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῷ πλωτῷ χάρακι καὶ τοῖς βέλεσιν ἀνειρχθέντες συνηναγκάσθησαν χωρεῖν εἰς τοὐπίσω.
While those from the city also defended themselves vigorously, both sides then continued for the whole day both inflicting and suffering many injuries; and as night was already coming on, Demetrius withdrew his engines again with towing ships outside of missile range; but the Rhodians, having filled small boats with dry wood and pitch pine and set fire in them, at first sailed against the engines of the enemy in pursuit and set fire to the materials, but after this, being kept back by the floating palisade and the missiles, they were forced to retreat backward.
§20.86.4τῆς δὲ φλογὸς ἐπισχυούσης ὀλίγοι μὲν κατασβέσαντες ἐπανῆλθον σὺν τοῖς σκάφεσιν, οἱ πλεῖστοι δὲ καιομένων τῶν ἀκατίων ἐξεκολύμβησαν.
As the flame grew strong, a few, having extinguished it, returned with their boats, but the majority, since the small boats were burning, swam away.
τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ κατὰ μὲν θάλατταν ὁ Δημήτριος παραπλησίαν ἐποιήσατο τὴν ἐπίθεσιν, κατὰ δὲ τὴν γῆν προσέταξεν ἅμα πανταχόθεν προσβάλλειν μετʼ ἀλαλαγμοῦ καὶ σάλπιγγος, ὅπως εἰς ἀγωνίαν καὶ φόβον ἀγάγῃ τοὺς Ῥοδίους, πολλῶν τῶν ἀντισπασμάτων ὄντων.
On the next day, Demetrius made a similar attack by sea, and by land ordered an assault from all sides at once with shouting and trumpet, so that he might bring the Rhodians into agony and fear, since there were many distractions.

Notes

  1. §20.86.1ἔλαθε παραπλεύσας — A classic idiomatic construction of the verb λανθάνω (ἔλαθε) with a participle (παραπλεύσας), meaning 'to do something undetected' or 'to do something secretly'. Here, 'he sailed past undetected'.
  2. §20.86.1ἀπέχοντος ἀπὸ τῶν τειχῶν τοῦ τόπου τούτου πέντε πλέθρα — A genitive absolute construction, where the logical subject of the present participle ἀπέχοντος is the following genitive phrase τοῦ τόπου τούτου.
  3. §20.86.2ταὶ — The manuscript reading ταὶ is likely a scribal error for the conjunction καὶ or the feminine plural dative relative pronoun αἷς (referring back to μηχανάς). Modern critical editions generally emend it to καὶ, and this translation interprets it as the conjunction 'and'.
  4. §20.86.4πολλῶν τῶν ἀντισπασμάτων ὄντων — A genitive absolute construction. The noun ἀντισπάσματα (distractions, diversions, or obstructions) acts as the subject, referring to the situation where the Rhodians' attention is divided due to multiple simultaneous attacks from different directions.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.86.1-20.86.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.86.1-20.86.4

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