Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.85.1-20.85.4
Demetrius' Floating Siege Engines and Rhodes Harbor Defense
Summary
Demetrius constructs massive siege engines, including protective sheds and four-story towers mounted on joined cargo ships, alongside a floating palisade and armed light vessels to attack the harbor. In response, the Rhodians reinforce their harbor defenses by placing catapults and missile platforms on the mole and on cargo ships.
§20.85.1πρὸς τὰς θέσεις τῶν ὀργάνων δὲ ὁ Δημήτριος ἄφθονον ἔχων ἁπάντων χορηγίαν ἤρξατο κατασκευάζειν δύο χελώνας, τὴν μὲν πρὸς τοὺς πετροβόλους, τὴν δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ὀξυβελεῖς, ἀμφοτέρας δὲ ταύτας ἐπὶ δύο πλοίων φορτηγῶν διαβεβηκυίας καὶ κατεζευγμένας, δύο δὲ πύργους τετραστέγους ὑπερέχοντας τοῖς ὕψεσι τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ λιμένος πύργων, ἑκάτερον δὲ τούτων ἐπὶ δύο πλοίων ἴσον βεβηκότα καὶ κατειλημμένον, ὅπως ἐν τῷ προσάγειν ἡ στάσις ἑκατέρα τῶν πλευρῶν ἰσόρροπον ἔχῃ τὸ βάρος.
For the positioning of the engines, Demetrius, having an abundant supply of everything, began to construct two sheds, one for the ballistae and the other for the catapults, both of these straddling and bound together upon two cargo ships; and also two four-story towers, exceeding in height the towers upon the harbor, each of these set equally and secured upon two ships, so that in bringing them forward the position on each of the two sides might keep the weight in balance.
§20.85.2κατεσκεύασε δὲ καὶ χάρακα πλωτὸν ἐπὶ τετραπέδων ξύλων καθηλωμένον, ὅπως προπλέων οὗτος κωλύῃ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπιπλέοντας ἐμβολὰς διδόναι τοῖς φέρουσι τὰς μηχανὰς πλοίοις.
He also constructed a floating palisade spiked upon four-foot timbers, so that by sailing ahead it might prevent the enemy from sailing against and ramming the ships carrying the engines.
§20.85.3ἐν ὅσῳ δὲ ταῦτα τὴν συντέλειαν ἐλάμβανεν, ἀθροίσας τοὺς ἁδροτάτους τῶν λέμβων καὶ τούτους καταφράξας σανίσι καὶ θυρίδας κλειστὰς κατασκευάσας ἐνέθετο μὲν τῶν τρισπιθάμων ὀξυβελῶν τοὺς πορρωτάτω βάλλοντας καὶ τοὺς τούτοις κατὰ τρόπον χρησομένους, ἔτι δὲ τοξότας Κρῆτας, τὰς δὲ ναῦς προσαγαγὼν ἐντὸς βέλους κατετίτρωσκε τοὺς κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὑψηλότερα τὰ παρὰ τὸν λιμένα τείχη κατασκευάζοντας.
While these things were being brought to completion, having gathered the sturdiest of the light vessels and decked them over with planks and fitted them with closed shutters, he put on board those of the three-span catapults that shot the farthest and the men to operate them properly, and also Cretan archers; then, bringing the ships within missile range, he harassed those who were building the walls along the harbor higher on the city side.
§20.85.4οἱ δὲ Ῥόδιοι θεωροῦντες τοῦ Δημητρίου τὴν πᾶσαν ἐπιβολὴν οὖσαν ἐπὶ τὸν λιμένα καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἀσφάλειαν τούτου παρεσκευάζοντο.
The Rhodians, seeing that Demetrius's entire assault was directed against the harbor, themselves also made preparations for its safety.
δύο μὲν οὖν ἔστησαν μηχανὰς ἐπὶ τοῦ χώματος, τρεῖς δʼ ἐπὶ φορτηγῶν πλοίων πλησίον τῶν κλείθρων τοῦ μικροῦ λιμένος· ἐν δὲ ταύταις ἔθηκαν πλῆθος ὀξυβελῶν καὶ πετροβόλων παντοίων τοῖς μεγέθεσιν, ὅπως, ἐάν τε ἀποβιβάζωσιν οἱ πολέμιοι πρὸς τὸ χῶμα στρατιώτας ἄν τε τὰς μηχανὰς προσάγωσι, διὰ τούτων αὐτοὺς εἴργεσθαι τῆς ἐπιβολῆς.
Thus they placed two engines upon the mole, and three upon cargo ships near the booms of the small harbor; and upon these they placed a multitude of catapults and ballistae of all sizes, so that, whether the enemy should land soldiers on the mole or bring up their engines, they might be barred from their assault by these.
ἐπέστησαν δὲ καὶ τοῖς ὁρμοῦσι τῶν φορτηγῶν πλοίων ἐν τῷ λιμένι βελοστάσεις οἰκείας τοῖς ἐπιτίθεσθαι μέλλουσι καταπέλταις.
They also erected on the cargo ships anchored in the harbor missile-platforms suitable for the catapults that were to be mounted on them.
Notes
- §20.85.1ἑκάτερον δὲ τούτων ἐπὶ δύο πλοίων ἴσον βεβηκότα καὶ κατειλημμένον — The phrase ἑκάτερον δὲ τούτων ("each of these") functions as a partitive appositive to the preceding plural accusative noun δύο πύργους ("two towers"). Consequently, the participles βεβηκότα (perfect active participle, masculine accusative singular) and κατειλημμένον (perfect passive participle, masculine accusative singular) agree with it in the singular.
- §20.85.3τῶν τρισπιθάμων ὀξυβελῶν τοὺς πορρωτάτω βάλλοντας — The genitive phrase τῶν τρισπιθάμων ὀξυβελῶν ("of the three-span catapults") is a partitive genitive, modifying the accusative plural object τοὺς πορρωτάτω βάλλοντας ("those shooting the farthest"), which serves as the direct object of the verb ἐνέθετο ("he placed on board").
- §20.85.4ὅπως ... εἴργεσθαι — In the clause introduced by the conjunction of purpose ὅπως, the infinitive εἴργεσθαι (present middle/passive infinitive) is used instead of the expected subjunctive (or optative) mood. This is a characteristic usage in Hellenistic Greek where an infinitive follows conjunctions of purpose or result.
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.85.1-20.85.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.85.1-20.85.4
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