§19.94.1Ἀντίγονος δʼ ἀκινδύνως ἀνακτησάμενος τήν τε Συρίαν πᾶσαν καὶ Φοινίκην ἐπεβάλετο στρατεύειν ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν τῶν Ἀράβων τῶν καλουμένων Ναβαταίων.
Antigonus, having recovered all Syria and Phoenicia without danger, undertook to campaign against the land of the Arabs who are called Nabataean.
κρίνας γὰρ τὸ ἔθνος τοῦτο τῶν ἑαυτοῦ πραγμάτων ἀλλότριον εἶναι, προεχειρίσατο τῶν αὑτοῦ φίλων Ἀθήναιον, δοὺς δʼ αὐτῷ πεζοὺς μὲν εὐζώνους τετρακισχιλίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους εἰς δρόμον ἑξακοσίους συνέταξεν ἐπιθέσθαι τοῖς βαρβάροις ἄφνω καὶ τὴν λείαν πᾶσαν ἀποτεμέσθαι.
For, judging this nation to be hostile to his interests, he chose Athenaeus, one of his friends, and giving him four thousand light-armed infantry and six hundred cavalry suitable for rapid movement, he ordered him to fall upon the barbarians suddenly and carry off all their plunder.
§19.94.2χρήσιμον δʼ ἐστὶ τῶν ἀγνοούντων ἕνεκα διελθεῖν τὰ νόμιμα τῶν Ἀράβων τούτων, οἷς χρώμενοι δοκοῦσι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν διαφυλάττειν.
It is useful, for the sake of those who are ignorant of it, to describe the customs of these Arabs, by practicing which they seem to preserve their liberty.
ἔχουσι τοίνυν τὸν βίον ὑπαίθριον, πατρίδα καλοῦντες τὴν ἀοίκητον τὴν μήτε ποταμοὺς ἔχουσαν μήτε κρήνας δαψιλεῖς, ἐξ ὧν δυνατὸν στρατόπεδον πολέμιον ὑδρεύσασθαι.
Now they have an outdoor life, calling their homeland the uninhabited land which has neither rivers nor abundant springs from which a hostile army could obtain water.
§19.94.3νόμος δʼ ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς μήτε σῖτον σπείρειν μήτε φυτεύειν μηδὲν φυτὸν καρποφόρον μήτε οἴνῳ χρᾶσθαι μήτε οἰκίαν κατασκευάζειν· ὃς δʼ ἂν παρὰ ταῦτα ποιῶν εὑρίσκηται, θάνατον αὐτῷ πρόστιμον εἶναι.
And they have a law neither to sow grain, nor to plant any fruit-bearing plant, nor to use wine, nor to build a house; and whoever is found doing contrary to these, death is his penalty.
§19.94.4χρῶνται δὲ τῷ νόμῳ τούτῳ διαλαμβάνοντες τοὺς ταῦτα κτωμένους ἀναγκασθήσεσθαι ῥᾳδίως ὑπὸ τῶν δυνατῶν ἕνεκα τῆς τούτων χρείας ποιεῖν τὸ προστασσόμενον.
They observe this law because they believe that those who possess these things would easily be forced by the powerful to do what is commanded of them, for the sake of their utility.
τρέφουσι δʼ αὐτῶν οἱ μὲν καμήλους, οἱ δὲ πρόβατα, τὴν ἔρημον ἐπινέμοντες.
Some of them raise camels, and others sheep, pasturing them in the desert.
οὐκ ὀλίγων δʼ ὄντων Ἀραβικῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν τὴν ἔρημον ἐπινεμόντων οὗτοι πολὺ τῶν ἄλλων προέχουσι ταῖς εὐπορίαις, τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὄντες οὐ πολὺ πλείους τῶν μυρίων· §19.94.5εἰώθασι γὰρ αὐτῶν οὐκ ὀλίγοι κατάγειν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν λιβανωτόν τε καὶ σμύρναν καὶ τὰ πολυτελέστατα τῶν ἀρωμάτων, διαδεχόμενοι παρὰ τῶν κομιζόντων ἐκ τῆς Εὐδαίμονος καλουμένης Ἀραβίας.
Although there are not a few Arabian tribes that pasture in the desert, these far surpass the others in wealth, though they are in number not much more than ten thousand; for not a few of them are accustomed to bring down to the sea frankincense and myrrh and the most costly of spices, receiving them from those who convey them from what is called Arabia Felix.
§19.94.6φιλελεύθεροι δέ εἰσι διαφερόντως καὶ ὅταν πολεμίων δύναμις ἁδρὰ προσίῃ, φεύγουσιν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον, ταύτῃ χρώμενοι ὀχυρώματι· ἄνυδρος γὰρ οὖσα τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἀνεπίβατός ἐστι, τούτοις δὲ κατεσκευακόσιν ἀγγεῖα κατὰ γῆς ὀρυκτὰ κεκονιαμένα μόνοις παρέχεται μὴν ἀσφάλειαν.
They are exceedingly lovers of freedom, and whenever a large force of enemies approaches, they flee into the desert, using this as a stronghold; for being waterless, it is inaccessible to others, but to them, who have prepared excavated and plastered vessels under the earth, it alone provides indeed safety.
§19.94.7τῆς γὰρ γῆς οὔσης τῆς μὲν ἀργελλώδους, τῆς δὲ πέτραν ἐχούσης μαλακὴν ὀρύγματα μεγάλα ποιοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῇ, ὧν τὰ μὲν στόμια μικρὰ παντελῶς κατασκευάζουσι, κατὰ βάθους δʼ ἀεὶ μᾶλλον εὐρυχωρῆ ποιοῦντες τὸ τελευταῖον τηλικοῦτʼ ἀποτελοῦσι τὸ μέγεθος ὥστε γίνεσθαι πλευρὰν ἑκάστην πλέθρου.
Since the land is partly clayey and partly of soft stone, they make great excavations in it, the mouths of which they construct completely small, but making them always wider in depth, they finally complete them to such a size that each side is a plethron.
§19.94.8ταῦτα δὲ τὰ ἀγγεῖα πληροῦντες ὕδατος ὀμβρίου τὰ στόματʼ ἐμφράττουσι καὶ ποιοῦντες ἰσόπεδον τῇ λοιπῇ χώρᾳ σημεῖα καταλείπουσιν ἑαυτοῖς μὲν γιγνωσκόμενα, τοῖς δʼ ἄλλοις ἀνεπινόητα.
Filling these vessels with rainwater they plug up the mouths, and making them level with the rest of the ground they leave signs which are recognizable to themselves but inconceivable to others.
§19.94.9ποτίζουσι δὲ καὶ τὴν λείαν διʼ ἡμερῶν τριῶν, ὅπως ἐν ταῖς ἀνυδρίαις καὶ φυγαῖς μὴ προσδέωνται συνεχῶν ὑδάτων.
And they water their cattle every three days so that in waterless regions and flights they may not need constant supplies of water.
αὐτοὶ δὲ χρῶνται τροφῇ κρέασι καὶ γάλακτι καὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς γῆς φυομένων τοῖς ἐπιτηδείοις· §19.94.10φύεται γὰρ παρʼ αὐτοῖς τὸ πέπερι καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων μέλι πυλὺ τὸ καλούμενον ἄγριον, ᾧ χρῶνται ποτῷ μεθʼ ὕδατος.
They themselves use for food meat and milk and those plants growing from the earth that are suitable; for wild pepper grows among them, and from the trees much of what is called wild honey, which they use as a drink with water.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλα γένη τῶν Ἀράβων, ὧν ἔνια καὶ γεωργεῖ μιγνύμενα τοῖς φορολογουμένοις καὶ μετέχει τῶν αὐτῶν τοῖς Σύροις πλὴν τοῦ πατασκηνοῦν ἐν οἰκίαις.
And there are also other tribes of Arabs, some of whom even practice agriculture, mixing with those who pay tribute, and share the same customs with the Syrians except for dwelling in houses.