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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.93.1-19.93.7

Demetrius's Defeat of Cilles and Ptolemy's Retreat

Passage 170 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Demetrius retrieved his defeat by launching a surprise attack and defeating Ptolemy's general Cilles. Once Antigonus joined forces with Demetrius, Ptolemy decided to abandon Syria, destroying its key cities and retreating to Egypt.

§19.93.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις Πτολεμαῖος μὲν διέτριβε περὶ Κοίλην Συρίαν, νενικηκὼς Δημήτριον τὸν Ἀντιγόνου παρατάξει μεγάλῃ.
While these things were being done, Ptolemy was spending time in Coele-Syria, having defeated Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in a great battle.
ὃν πυνθανόμενος ἐκ Κιλικίας ἀνεστραφέναι καὶ στρατοπεδεύειν περὶ τὴν ἄνω Συρίαν, προεχειρίσατο τῶν περὶ αὑτὸν φίλων Κίλλην τὸν Μακεδόνα· §19.93.2τούτῳ δὲ δοὺς δύναμιν ἱκανὴν προσέταξεν ἐκδιῶξαι τὸν Δημήτριον τὸ παράπαν ἐκ τῆς Συρίας ἢ περικαταλαβόντα συντρῖψαι.
Learning that he had returned from Cilicia and was encamped in Upper Syria, he appointed Cilles the Macedonian, one of his friends about him; and giving him a sufficient force, he ordered him to drive Demetrius completely out of Syria or to surround and crush him.
τούτου δʼ ὄντος κατὰ πορείαν Δημήτριος διὰ τῶν σκοπῶν ἀκούσας τὸν Κίλλην στρατοπεδεύειν καταπεφρονηκότως περὶ Μυοῦντα, τὴν μὲν ἀποσκευὴν ἀπέλιπε, τοὺς δὲ στρατιώτας εὐζώνους παραλαβὼν νυκτὸς πορείαν σύντομον ἐποιήσατο, προσπεσὼν δὲ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἑωθινῆς φυλακῆς ἄφνω τῆς τε δυνάμεως ἄνευ μάχης ἐκυρίευσεν καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν στρατηγὸν ἐζώγρησε.
While Cilles was on the march, Demetrius, hearing through scouts that Cilles was encamped carelessly near Myus, left his baggage behind, and taking his soldiers lightly equipped, made a rapid night march; falling upon the enemy suddenly during the morning watch, he captured the force without a battle and took the general himself alive.
τηλικούτου δʼ εὐτυχήματος γεγενημένου τὴν ἧτταν ἀναμαχήσασθαι διειλήφει.
Having met with such great good fortune, he believed that he had retrieved his defeat.
§19.93.3οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τὸν Πτολεμαῖον ὑπολαμβάνων ἥξειν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως, ἐστρατοπέδευσε προβλήματα τῆς παρεμβολῆς ποιησάμενος ἕλη καὶ λίμνας.
Nevertheless, suspecting that Ptolemy would come against him with all his forces, he encamped, making marshes and lakes the defenses of his camp.
ἔγραψε δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα περὶ τοῦ γενομένου κατορθώματος, παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν ἢ δύναμιν ἀποστεῖλαι τὴν ταχίστην ἢ καὶ αὐτὸν παραβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν Συρίαν.
He also wrote to his father about the success that had been achieved, urging him either to send a force as quickly as possible or to come in person to Syria.
§19.93.4ὁ δʼ Ἀντίγονος ἐτύγχανε μὲν ὢν ἐν Κελαιναῖς τῆς Φρυγίας, κομισάμενος δὲ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἐχάρη διαφερόντως ἐπὶ τῷ δοκεῖν τὸν υἱὸν νέον ὄντα κατωρθωκέναι διʼ αὑτοῦ καὶ φαίνεσθαι βασιλείας ἄξιον.
Now Antigonus happened to be in Celaenae in Phrygia, and when he received the letter, he was extraordinarily pleased because his son, young as he was, seemed to have succeeded by himself and to show himself worthy of kingship.
αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν δύναμιν ἀναλαβὼν ἀνέζευξεν ἐκ τῆς Φρυγίας καὶ τὸν Ταῦρον ὑπερβαλὼν ὀλίγαις ἡμέραις συνέμιξε τοῖς περὶ τὸν Δημήτριον.
He himself, taking his army, set out from Phrygia, and crossing the Taurus, within a few days joined forces with Demetrius.
§19.93.5Πτολεμαῖος δὲ πυθόμενος τὴν Ἀντιγόνου παρουσίαν καὶ συναγαγὼν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας καὶ φίλους ἐβουλεύετο πότερον συμφέρει μένειν καὶ ἀγωνίζεσθαι περὶ τῶν ὅλων κατὰ Συρίαν ἢ προάγειν εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ πολεμεῖν ἐκεῖθεν, καθάπερ καὶ πρότερον Περδίκκᾳ.
Ptolemy, learning of the presence of Antigonus and gathering his commanders and friends, deliberated whether it was better to remain and fight for the whole empire in Syria, or to retire into Egypt and carry on the war from there, just as they had done previously against Perdiccas.
§19.93.6πάντες οὖν συνεβούλευον μὴ διακινδυνεύειν πρὸς δύναμιν πολλαπλασίονα καὶ θηρίων πλῆθος, ἔτι δὲ στρατηγὸν ἀήττητον· εὐχερέστερον γὰρ πολλῷ διαγωνιεῖσθαι κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον, ταῖς τε χορηγίαις ὑπερέχοντα καὶ τόπων ὀχυρότητι πιστεύοντα.
Everyone, therefore, advised him not to risk a battle against a force many times larger and a multitude of beasts, and furthermore, against an undefeated general; for it would be much easier to fight the decisive battle in Egypt, where they would have the advantage in supplies and could rely on the strength of their positions.
§19.93.7διὸ καὶ κρίνας ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν Συρίαν κατέσκαψε τὰς ἀξιολογωτάτας τῶν κεκρατημένων πόλεων, Ἄκην μὲν τῆς Φοινίκης Συρίας, Ἰόππην δὲ καὶ Σαμάρειαν καὶ Γάζαν τῆς Συρίας, αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν δύναμιν ἀναλαβὼν καὶ τῶν χρημάτων ὅσα δυνατὸν ἦν ἄγειν ἢ φέρειν ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον.
Therefore, having decided to abandon Syria, he razed the most noteworthy of the cities he had captured: Aco in Phoenician Syria, and Joppa, Samaria, and Gaza in Syria; and he himself, taking his army and as much of the property as could be carried or driven off, returned to Egypt.

Notes

  1. 19.93.1ὃν πυνθανόμενος — The relative pronoun `ὃν` at the beginning of the clause is used as a connecting relative referring to Demetrius. It serves as the accusative subject of the indirect discourse (accusative with infinitive) governed by the participle `πυνθανόμενος`.
  2. 19.93.2περικαταλαβόντα — The accusative participle `περικαταλαβόντα` agrees in case with the unexpressed accusative subject of the infinitive `συντρῖψαι`, which logically refers to Cilles (previously introduced in the dative `τούτῳ`).
  3. 19.93.2τὴν ἧτταν ἀναμαχήσασθαι διειλήφει — `διειλήφει` (pluperfect of `διαλαμβάνω`) means "he had judged" or "he believed." The aorist infinitive `ἀναμαχήσασθαι` is an idiomatic expression meaning "to retrieve/undo a defeat through renewed combat."
  4. 19.93.4ἐπὶ τῷ δοκεῖν τὸν υἱὸν νέον ὄντα κατωρθωκέναι διʼ αὑτοῦ — The preposition `ἐπί` governs the articular dative infinitive `τῷ δοκεῖν` to express the cause of Antigonus's joy. Since the accusative `τὸν υἱόν` serves as the subject of the infinitive, both the adjective `νέον` and the participle `ὄντα` agree with it in the accusative.
  5. 19.93.7ἄγειν ἢ φέρειν — A classical Greek idiom (usually `ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν`, but here with `ἤ`) meaning "to drive off [livestock/captives] and carry off [goods]," collectively referring to plundering or carrying away all movable property.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.93.1-19.93.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.93.1-19.93.7

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