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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.92.1-19.92.5

Seleucus's Defeat of Nicanor and Subjugation of Media

Passage 169 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Although Nicanor, the general of Media, advances with a large army, Seleucus, despite his inferior numbers, hides his forces in marshes and wins a great victory through a sudden night attack. Following this victory, Seleucus easily subjugates Susiana and Media, establishing his authority.

§19.92.1Νικάνορος δὲ τοῦ περὶ Μηδίαν στρατηγοῦ συναγαγόντος ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἔκ τε Μηδίας καὶ Περσίδος καὶ τῶν σύνεγγυς τόπων στρατιώτας πεζοὺς μὲν πλείους τῶν μυρίων, ἱππεῖς δὲ περὶ ἑπτακισχιλίους ὥρμησεν κατὰ σπουδὴν ἀπαντήσων τοῖς πολεμίοις.
When Nicanor, the general of Media, had gathered against him from Media, Persis, and the neighboring regions soldiers numbering more than ten thousand infantry and about seven thousand cavalry, [Seleucus] set out in haste to meet the enemy.
§19.92.2εἶχε δὲ τοὺς σύμπαντας πεζοὺς μὲν πλείους τῶν τρισχιλίων, ἱππεῖς δὲ τετρακοσίους.
But he had in all more than three thousand infantry and four hundred cavalry.
διαβὰς δὲ τὸν Τίγριν ποταμὸν καὶ πυνθανόμενος ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἀπέχειν τοὺς πολεμίους, ἔκρυψε τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐν τοῖς πλησίον ἕλεσι, διανοούμενος ἀπροσδόκητον ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἐπίθεσιν.
Crossing the Tigris River and learning that the enemy were a few days' journey away, he hid his soldiers in the nearby marshes, intending to make an unexpected attack.
§19.92.3ὁ δὲ Νικάνωρ ἐπειδὴ παραγενηθεὶς ἐπὶ τὸν Τίγριν ποταμὸν οὐχ ηὕρισκε τοὺς πολεμίους, κατεστρατοπέδευσε πρός τινι βασιλικῷ σταθμῷ, νομίζων αὐτοὺς πεφευγέναι μακρότερον.
Nicanor, when he arrived at the Tigris River and did not find the enemy, encamped near a certain royal station, believing that they had fled further away.
ἐπιγενομένης δὲ νυκτὸς καὶ τῶν περὶ Νικάνορα καταπεφρονηκότως καὶ ῥᾳθύμως ἐχόντων τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακὰς ἐπιπεσὼν ὁ Σέλευκος ἄφνω πολλὴν ταραχὴν καὶ κατάπληξιν κατεσκεύασε· §19.92.4συναψάντων γὰρ μάχην τῶν Περσῶν συνέβη τόν τε σατράπην αὐτῶν Εὔαγρον πεσεῖν καί τινας τῶν ἄλλων ἡγεμόνων.
But when night came on and Nicanor's men were careless and negligent regarding their guards, Seleucus fell upon them suddenly and caused great confusion and terror; for when the Persians joined battle, it happened that their satrap Evagras fell, as well as some of the other commanders.
οὗ συμβάντος οἱ πλείους τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ μὲν τὸν κίνδυνον καταπεπληγμένοι, τὰ δὲ προσκόπτοντες τοῖς ὑπʼ Ἀντιγόνου πραττομένοις μετεβάλοντο πρὸς Σέλευκον.
When this occurred, most of the soldiers, partly because they were terrified by the danger, and partly because they were displeased with the actions of Antigonus, went over to Seleucus.
§19.92.5ὁ δὲ Νικάνωρ μετʼ ὀλίγων ἀπολειφθεὶς καὶ δεδιὼς μὴ παραδοθῇ τοῖς πολεμίοις, ἔφυγε μετὰ τῶν φίλων διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου.
Nicanor, being left with only a few men and fearing lest he should be delivered up to the enemy, fled with his friends through the desert.
Σέλευκος δὲ δυνάμεως ἁδρᾶς κυριεύσας καὶ φιλανθρώπως πᾶσι προσφερόμενος ῥᾳδίως προσηγάγετο τήν τε Σουσιανὴν καὶ Μηδίαν καί τινας τῶν σύνεγγυς τόπων· περί τε τῶν διῳκημένων ἔγραψε πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους φίλους, ἔχων ἤδη βασιλικὸν ἀνάστημα καὶ δόξαν ἀξίαν ἡγεμονίας.
But Seleucus, having gained control of a strong force and behaving kindly toward all, easily brought over Susiana and Media and some of the neighboring regions; and he wrote to Ptolemy and his other friends concerning his achievements, having already a royal stature and a reputation worthy of hegemony.

Notes

  1. 19.92.1ὥρμησεν — Contextually, the subject of the main verb `ὥρμησεν` is Seleucus, who was the central figure at the end of the previous chapter. Care must be taken not to mistake `Νικάνορος` from the preceding genitive absolute as the subject.
  2. 19.92.3τῶν περὶ Νικάνορα καταπεφρονηκότως καὶ ῥᾳθύμως ἐχόντων τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακὰς — The construction `ἔχω` + adverb (`καταπεφρονηκότως καὶ ῥᾳθύμως`) means "to be in a certain state." `τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακὰς` functions as an accusative of specification (respect), meaning "with regard to the guards."
  3. 19.92.4τὰ μὲν τὸν κίνδυνον καταπεπληγμένοι, τὰ δὲ προσκόπτοντες — `τὰ μὲν ... τὰ δὲ` is used adverbially to mean "partly ... partly" (or "on the one hand ... on the other hand"). The perfect passive participle `καταπεπληγμένοι` takes the accusative `τὸν κίνδυνον` (objective accusative) with a middle sense, while the present participle `προσκόπτοντες` governs the dative `τοῖς ὑπʼ Ἀντιγόνου πραττομένοις`.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.92.1-19.92.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.92.1-19.92.5

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