Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.67.1-19.67.7
Cratesipolis Suppresses Revolt and Cassander's Campaign
Summary
After the death of Alexander, his wife Cratesipolis takes command of the army and ruthlessly suppresses a rebellion in Sicyon. Meanwhile, Cassander, aiming to isolate the Aetolians, allies with the Acarnanians by advising them to consolidate into fewer fortified cities, and after campaigns in Leucas, Apollonia, and Illyria, returns to Macedonia.
§19.67.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πρασσομένοις Ἀλέξανδρος μὲν ὁ Πολυπέρχοντος ἐκ Σικυῶνος ἀναζευγνύων μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως ὑπʼ Ἀλεξίωνος τοῦ Σικυωνίου καί τινων ἄλλων προσποιουμένων εἶναι φίλων ἀνῃρέθη, ἡ δὲ γυνὴ Κρατησίπολις διαδεξαμένη τὰ πράγματα συνεῖχε τὸ στρατόπεδον, ἀγαπωμένη διαφερόντως ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν διὰ τὰς εὐεργεσίας· διετέλει γὰρ βοηθοῦσα τοῖς ἀτυχοῦσι καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν ἀπόρων ὑπολαμβάνουσα.
At the same time that these things were being done, Alexander the son of Polyperchon, while marching from Sicyon with his army, was assassinated by Alexion of Sicyon and some others who pretended to be his friends. But his wife, Cratesipolis, having taken over the leadership, held the army together, being exceptionally beloved by the soldiers on account of her acts of kindness; for she continually assisted those in misfortune and supported many of the needy.
§19.67.2ἦν δὲ περὶ αὐτὴν καὶ σύνεσις πραγματικὴ καὶ τόλμα μείζων ἢ κατὰ γυναῖκα·
And she possessed both practical understanding and a daring greater than that of a woman.
τῶν γὰρ Σικυωνίων καταφρονησάντων αὐτῆς διὰ τὴν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τελευτὴν καὶ συνδραμόντων μετὰ τῶν ὅπλων ἐπὶ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν παραταξαμένη καὶ νικήσασα πολλοὺς μὲν ἀνεῖλε, συλλαβοῦσα δὲ περὶ τριάκοντα τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀνεσταύρωσεν.
For when the Sicyonians looked down on her because of the death of her husband and rushed to arms for their freedom, she drew up her forces, defeated them, and killed many, and having captured about thirty in number, she crucified them.
ἀσφαλισαμένη δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ἐδυνάστευε τῶν Σικυωνίων, ἔχουσα πολλοὺς στρατιώτας ἑτοίμους εἰς πάντα κίνδυνον.
And having secured the affairs of the city, she ruled over the Sicyonians, having many soldiers ready for every danger.
καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ Πελοπόννησον ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
And such was the state of affairs in the Peloponnese.
§19.67.3Κάσανδρος δʼ ὁρῶν τοὺς Αἰτωλοὺς συναγωνιζομένους μὲν Ἀντιγόνῳ, πόλεμον δʼ ἔχοντας ὅμορον πρὸς Ἀκαρνᾶνας ἔκρινε συμφέρειν ἅμα συμμάχους μὲν Ἀκαρνᾶνας ποιήσασθαι, ταπεινῶσαι δὲ τοὺς Αἰτωλούς.
Cassander, seeing that the Aetolians were fighting on the side of Antigonus, but had a bordering war with the Acarnanians, judged it advantageous at once to make the Acarnanians his allies and to humble the Aetolians.
διόπερ ἀναζεύξας ἐκ Μακεδονίας μετὰ δυνάμεως μεγάλης ἧκεν εἰς Αἰτωλίαν καὶ κατεστρατοπέδευσεν περὶ τὸν καλούμενον Καμπύλον ποταμόν·
Therefore, marching from Macedonia with a large army, he came into Aetolia and encamped near the river called Campylus.
§19.67.4συναγαγὼν δὲ τοὺς Ἀκαρνᾶνας εἰς κοινὴν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ διελθὼν ὅτι πόλεμον ἔχουσιν ὅμορον ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων, συνεβούλευεν ἐκ τῶν ἀνοχύρων καὶ μικρῶν χωρίων εἰς ὀλίγας πόλεις μετοικῆσαι, ὅπως μὴ διεσπαρμένης τῆς οἰκήσεως ἀδυνατῶσιν ἀλλήλοις βοηθεῖν καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀπροσδοκήτους τῶν πολεμίων ἐπιθέσεις δυσχερῶς ἀθροίζωνται.
And having gathered the Acarnanians into a common assembly and explained that they had a bordering war from ancient times, he advised them to migrate from their unfortified and small villages into a few cities, so that, their dwellings not being scattered, they would not be unable to assist one another, nor find it difficult to assemble against unexpected attacks of the enemy.
πεισθέντων δὲ τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων οἱ πλεῖστοι μὲν εἰς Στράτον πόλιν συνῴκησαν, ὀχυρωτάτην οὖσαν καὶ μεγίστην, Οἰνιάδαι δὲ καί τινες ἄλλοι συνῆλθον ἐπὶ Σαυρίαν, Δεριεῖς δὲ μεθʼ ἑτέρων εἰς Ἀγρίνιον.
The Acarnanians having been persuaded, most of them settled together in the city of Stratus, which was the strongest and largest; the Oeniadae and certain others came together at Sauria; and the Derieis with others at Agrinium.
§19.67.5ὁ δὲ Κάσανδρος ἀπολιπὼν στρατηγὸν Λυκίσκον μετὰ τῶν ἱκανῶν στρατιωτῶν τούτῳ μὲν παρήγγειλε βοηθεῖν Ἀκαρνᾶσιν, αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ δυνάμεως παρελθὼν ἐπὶ Λευκάδος τὴν πόλιν διὰ πρεσβείας προσηγάγετο.
Cassander, leaving Lyciscus as general with a sufficient number of soldiers, ordered him to assist the Acarnanians, while he himself, proceeding to Leucas with his army, won over the city by diplomacy.
§19.67.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὴν ὁρμὴν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀδρίαν ποιησάμενος Ἀπολλωνίαν ἐξ ἐφόδου παρέλαβεν.
After this, making an expedition toward the Adriatic, he took Apollonia at the first onset.
εἰς δὲ τὴν Ἰλλυρίδα προελθὼν καὶ διαβὰς τὸν Ἕβρον ποταμὸν παρετάξατο πρὸς Γλαυκίαν τὸν Ἰλλυριῶν βασιλέα.
And advancing into Illyria and crossing the river Hebrus, he drew up his army against Glaucias, the king of the Illyrians.
§19.67.7περιγενόμενος δὲ τῇ μάχῃ πρὸς μὲν τοῦτον συνθήκας ἐποιήσατο, καθʼ ἃς οὐκ ἐξῆν τῷ Γλαυκίᾳ στρατεύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Κασάνδρου συμμάχους, τὴν δὲ τῶν Ἐπιδαμνίων πόλιν προσαγαγόμενος καὶ φρουρὰν ἐγκαταστήσας ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς Μακεδονίαν.
Having been victorious in the battle, he made a treaty with him, according to which Glaucias was not permitted to campaign against the allies of Cassander; and having won over the city of the Epidamnians and established a garrison in it, he returned to Macedonia.
Notes
- 19.67.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πρασσομένοις — The preposition ἅμα is followed by the dative case τούτοις πρασσομένοις (present passive participle), meaning 'at the same time that these things were being done.' It functions similarly to a genitive absolute (τούτων πρασσομένων) but is constructed as a dative dependent on ἅμα.
- 19.67.1διετέλει γὰρ βοηθοῦσα ... καὶ ... ὑπολαμβάνουσα — The verb διατελέω is used with participles (here, the feminine singular nominative βοηθοῦσα and ὑπολαμβάνουσα agreeing with the subject Cratesipolis) to express a continuous action, meaning 'she continually assisted... and supported...'
- 19.67.2ἦν δὲ περὶ αὐτὴν καὶ σύνεσις πραγματικὴ καὶ τόλμα μείζων ἢ κατὰ γυναῖκα — The construction ἦν ... περὶ αὐτήν (literally 'there was about her...') denotes possession or characteristics she had. The phrase ἢ κατὰ γυναῖκα following the comparative μείζων is an idiomatic expression meaning 'greater than is natural for a woman' or 'beyond a woman's measure.'
- 19.67.4ὅπως μὴ διεσπαρμένης τῆς οἰκήσεως ἀδυνατῶσιν ... καὶ ... δυσχερῶς ἀθροίζωνται — A negative clause of purpose introduced by ὅπως μή with the subjunctive verbs ἀδυνατῶσιν (3rd person plural present active) and ἀθροίζωνται (3rd person plural present middle/passive). The phrase διεσπαρμένης τῆς οἰκήσεως inserted within is a genitive absolute expressing cause or condition ('since their dwellings were scattered').
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.67.1-19.67.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.67.1-19.67.7
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