Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.66.1-19.66.6
Aristodemus' Campaign in the Peloponnese
Summary
Aristodemus, Antigonus' general, raises the siege of Cyllene in the Peloponnese and liberates Patrae and Aegium, though the latter suffers from looting. Subsequently, the citizens of Dyme wall off and besiege their citadel, leading to a brutal retaliation by Alexander and a subsequent revolt with the aid of Aristodemus' mercenaries.
§19.66.1τοῦ δʼ ἔτους τούτου διελθόντος Ἀθήνησι μὲν ἦρχε Νικόδωρος, ἐν Ῥώμῃ δʼ ἦσαν ὕπατοι Λεύκιος Παπείριος τὸ τέταρτον καὶ Κόιντος Πόπλιος τὸ δεύτερον.
When this year had passed, Nicodorus was archon in Athens, and in Rome the consuls were Lucius Papirius for the fourth time and Quintus Publilius for the second time.
§19.66.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Ἀριστόδημος μὲν ὁ κατασταθεὶς ὑπʼ Ἀντιγόνου στρατηγὸς ὡς ἐπύθετο τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Πολυπέρχοντος ἀπόστασιν, ἐπὶ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν δικαιολογησάμενος προετρέψατο τὰ πλήθη βοηθεῖν τοῖς Ἀντιγόνου πράγμασιν, αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ τῶν μισθοφόρων διαβὰς ἐκ τῆς Αἰτωλίας εἰς Πελοπόννησον κατέλαβεν Ἀλέξανδρόν τε καὶ τοὺς Ἠλείους πολιορκοῦντας τὴν Κυλλήνην, εὐκαίρως δὲ τοῖς κινδυνεύουσιν ἐπιφανεὶς ἔλυσε τὴν πολιορκίαν.
Under these, Aristodemus, who had been appointed general by Antigonus, when he learned of the defection of Alexander the son of Polyperchon, having pleaded his cause before the common assembly of the Aetolians, urged the multitudes to support the affairs of Antigonus; and he himself, having crossed over from Aetolia into the Peloponnese with his mercenaries, came upon Alexander and the Eleans besieging Cyllene, and appearing opportunely to those in danger, he raised the siege.
§19.66.3καταλιπὼν δʼ ἐνταῦθα τοὺς παρεξομένους τῷ φρουρίῳ τὴν ἀσφάλειαν ἀνέζευξεν εἰς τὴν Ἀχαΐαν καὶ Πάτρας μὲν ἠλευθέρωσε φρουρουμένας ὑπὸ τῶν Κασάνδρου στρατιωτῶν, Αἴγιον δὲ ἐκπολιορκήσας τῆς τε φρουρᾶς ἐκυρίευσε καὶ τοῖς Αἰγιεῦσι κατὰ δόγμα τὴν ἐλευθερίαν βουλόμενος ἀποκαταστῆσαι διὰ ταύτην τὴν περίστασιν ἐκωλύθη· τῶν γὰρ στρατιωτῶν τραπέντων πρὸς ἁρπαγὴν πολλοὶ μὲν ἀπεσφάγησαν τῶν Αἰγιέων, πλεῖσται δὲ τῶν οἰκιῶν διεφθάρησαν.
Leaving there those who would provide security for the fortress, he marched into Achaea and liberated Patrae, which was garrisoned by the soldiers of Cassander, and having taken Aegium by storm, he mastered the garrison; and though he wished to restore freedom to the inhabitants of Aegium in accordance with the decree, he was prevented by the following circumstance: for the soldiers having turned to plunder, many of the Aegians were slaughtered, and most of the houses were destroyed.
§19.66.4μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα διαπλεύσαντος εἰς Αἰτωλίαν αὐτοῦ Δυμαῖοι, φρουρὰν ἔχοντες παρὰ Κασάνδρου, διετείχισαν τὴν πόλιν, ὥστε κατʼ ἰδίαν οὖσαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως διεζεῦχθαι. παρακαλέσαντες δʼ ἀλλήλους ἀντέχεσθαι τῆς αὐτονομίας περιεστρατοπέδευσαν
After this, when he had sailed across into Aetolia, the Dymaeans, who had a garrison from Cassander, walled off the city so that, being by itself, it was separated from the acropolis; and encouraging one another to hold fast to their autonomy, they encamped around, the citadel, and made continuous assaults.
§19.66.5τὴν ἄκραν καὶ συνεχεῖς προσβολὰς ἐποιοῦντο ἃ δὴ πυθόμενος ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἧκεν μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ βιασάμενος ἐντὸς τοῦ τείχους ἐκυρίευσε τῆς πόλεως, τῶν δὲ Δυμαίων τοὺς μὲν ἀπέσφαξεν, τοὺς δʼ εἰς φυλακὴν ἀπέθετο, πολλοὺς δὲ ἐφυγάδευσεν.
Learning of this, Alexander came with a force, and forcing his way inside the wall, he became master of the city; of the Dymaeans, some he slaughtered, others he put into prison, and many he banished.
§19.66.6οἱ δὲ περιλειφθέντες ἀπαλλαγέντος ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Ἀλεξάνδρου χρόνον μέν τινα τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἦγον, καταπεπληγμένοι τὸ μέγεθος τῆς συμφορᾶς, ἅμα δὲ καὶ συμμάχων ὄντες ἔρημοι· μετὰ δέ τινα χρόνον ἐξ Αἰγίου τοὺς Ἀριστοδήμου μισθοφόρους μεταπεμψάμενοι πάλιν ἐπέθεντο τῇ φρουρᾷ καὶ κυριεύσαντες τῆς ἄκρας τὴν μὲν πόλιν ἠλευθέρωσαν, τῶν δὲ καταλειφθέντων τοὺς πλείστους ἀποσφάξαντες συνανεῖλαν καὶ τῶν ἰδίων πολιτῶν ὅσοι πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον εἶχον φιλίαν.
Those who were left, when Alexander had departed from the city, kept quiet for a certain time, being struck with terror at the magnitude of the disaster, and at the same time being destitute of allies; but after some time, having sent for Aristodemus' mercenaries from Aegium, they again attacked the garrison, and having mastered the citadel, they liberated the city, and having slaughtered most of those left behind, they destroyed them together with all of their own citizens who had friendship with Alexander.
Notes
- 19.66.2ἐπὶ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν — The preposition ἐπί with the genitive case here means "before" or "in the presence of." It indicates that Aristodemus pleaded his case before the official federal assembly or council (koinon) of the Aetolians.
- 19.66.3βουλόμενος ἀποκαταστῆσαι διὰ ταύτην τὴν περίστασιν ἐκωλύθη — The participle βουλόμενος expressing the intention of the subject (Aristodemus) is joined with the passive main verb ἐκωλύθη ("he was prevented"), conveying a concessive or contrastive sense ("although he wished... he was prevented"). The cause of the hindrance is indicated by διὰ ταύτην τὴν περίστασιν, which is further explained in the following clause introduced by γάρ.
- 19.66.4ὥστε κατʼ ἰδίαν οὖσαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως διεζεῦχθαι — A result clause introduced by ὥστε. The subject of the infinitive διεζεῦχθαι ("to be separated") is the direct object of the preceding clause, τὴν πόλιν ("the city"), which is modified by the attributive participle phrase κατʼ ἰδίαν οὖσαν ("being by itself" or "isolated").
- 19.66.6καταπεπληγμένοι τὸ μέγεθος τῆς συμφορᾶς — The accusative τὸ μέγεθος associated with the passive participle καταπεπληγμένοι ("struck with terror" or "dumbfounded") is an accusative of respect (or a direct object of mental affection), indicating that they were struck "with respect to the magnitude of the disaster."
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.66.1-19.66.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.66.1-19.66.6
Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.
Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.