Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.2.1-19.2.9

Early Life of Agathocles and His Rescue from Exposure

Passage 79 of 301 · Greek

Summary

During the archonship of Demogenes in Athens, Agathocles became tyrant. His father Carcinus had exposed him as an infant due to a catastrophic oracle, but his mother secretly saved him, and after the truth was revealed years later, the family relocated to Syracuse.

§19.2.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος γὰρ Ἀθήνησι Δημογένους Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν κατέστησαν ὑπάτους Λεύκιον Πλώτιον καὶ Μάνιον Φούλβιον, Ἀγαθοκλῆς δʼ ὁ Συρακόσιος τύραννος ἐγένετο τῆς πόλεως.
When Demogenes was archon in Athens, the Romans appointed Lucius Plotius and Manius Fulvius as consuls, and Agathocles the Syracusan became tyrant of the city.
ἕνεκα δὲ τοῦ σαφεστέρας γενέσθαι τὰς κατὰ μέρος πράξεις βραχέα προαναληψόμεθα περὶ τοῦ προειρημένου δυνάστου.
In order that the details of his deeds may become clearer, we shall briefly recapitulate the history of the aforementioned ruler.
§19.2.2Καρκῖνος ὁ Ῥηγῖνος φυγὰς γενόμενος ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος κατῴκησεν ἐν Θέρμοις τῆς Σικελίας, τεταγμένης τῆς πόλεως ταύτης ὑπὸ Καρχηδονίους.
Carcinus of Rhegium, having become an exile from his fatherland, settled in Thermae in Sicily, this city being subject to the Carthaginians.
ἐμπλακεὶς δὲ τῶν ἐγχωρίων τινὶ γυναικὶ καὶ ποιήσας αὐτὴν ἔγκυον συνεχῶς κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους ἐταράττετο.
Having become involved with a certain local woman and having made her pregnant, he was continually troubled in his sleep.
§19.2.3διόπερ ἀγωνιῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς παιδοποιίας ἔδωκεν ἐντολὰς Καρχηδονίοις τισὶ θεωροῖς ἀναγομένοις εἰς Δελφοὺς ἐπερωτῆσαι τὸν θεὸν περὶ τοῦ γεννηθησομένου βρέφους.
Therefore, being anxious about the child-bearing, he gave instructions to certain Carthaginian envoys who were sailing for Delphi to ask the god about the child to be born.
ὧν ἐπιμελῶς τὸ παρακληθὲν πραξάντων ἐξέπεσε χρησμὸς ὅτι μεγάλων ἀτυχημάτων ὁ γεννηθεὶς αἴτιος ἔσται Καρχηδονίοις καὶ πάσῃ Σικελίᾳ.
When they had carefully performed what they had been requested to do, an oracle was delivered that the child born would be the cause of great misfortunes to the Carthaginians and to all Sicily.
§19.2.4ἃ δὴ πυθόμενος καὶ φοβηθεὶς ἐξέθηκε τὸ παιδίον δημοσίᾳ καὶ τοὺς τηρήσοντας ἵνα τελευτήσῃ παρακατέστησεν.
Having learned this and being frightened, he exposed the infant publicly and stationed guards to watch so that it might die.
διελθουσῶν δέ τινων ἡμερῶν τὸ μὲν οὐκ ἀπέθνησκεν, οἱ τεταγμένοι δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς φυλακῆς ὠλιγώρουν.
But when some days had passed, the child did not die, and those who had been stationed to guard grew negligent.
§19.2.5καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον ἡ μήτηρ νυκτὸς παρελθοῦσα λάθρᾳ τὸ παιδίον ἀνείλετο καὶ πρὸς αὑτὴν μὲν οὐκ ἀπήνεγκε, φοβουμένη τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἡρακλείδην καταθεμένη προσηγόρευσεν Ἀγαθοκλέα, τὴν ὁμωνυμίαν εἰς τὸν ἑαυτῆς ἀνενέγκασα πατέρα.
At that very time, the mother, coming by night, secretly took up the child, but did not carry it back to her own home because she feared her husband; instead, she deposited it with her brother Heracleides and named it Agathocles, transferring the same name from her own father.
§19.2.6παρʼ ᾧ τρεφόμενος ὁ παῖς ἐξέβη τήν τε ὄψιν εὐπρεπὴς καὶ τὸ σῶμα εὔρωστος πολὺ μᾶλλον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν.
Being brought up in his house, the boy turned out to be handsome in appearance and robust in body, much more so than was expected for his age.
ἑπταετοῦς δʼ ὄντος αὐτοῦ παρακληθεὶς ὁ Καρκῖνος ὑφʼ Ἡρακλείδου πρός τινα θυσίαν καὶ θεασάμενος τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα παίζοντα μετά τινων ἡλικιωτῶν ἐθαύμαζε τό τε κάλλος καὶ τὴν ῥώμην, τῆς τε γυναικὸς εἰπούσης ὅτι τηλικοῦτος ἂν ἦν ὁ ἐκτεθείς, εἴπερ ἐτράφη, μεταμέλεσθαί τε ἔφη τοῖς πραχθεῖσι καὶ συνεχῶς ἐδάκρυεν.
When he was seven years old, Carcinus, being invited by Heracleides to a certain sacrifice and seeing Agathocles playing with some of his peers, marvelled at both his beauty and his strength; and when his wife said that the exposed child, if it had been reared, would have been of such size, he said that he repented of what had been done and continually wept.
§19.2.7εἶθʼ ἡ μὲν γνοῦσα τὴν ὁρμὴν τἀνδρὸς συμφωνοῦσαν τοῖς πεπραγμένοις ἐξέθηκε πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
Then she, finding that her husband's impulse was in harmony with what had actually been done, disclosed the whole truth.
ὁ δʼ ἀσμένως προσδεξάμενος τοὺς λόγους τὸν μὲν υἱὸν ἀπέλαβε, τοὺς δὲ Καρχηδονίους φοβούμενος μετῴκησεν εἰς Συρακούσσας πανοίκιος· πένης δʼ ὢν ἐδίδαξε τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα τὴν κεραμευτικὴν τέχνην ἔτι παῖδα τὴν ἡλικίαν ὄντα.
He, gladly receiving her words, took back his son, but being afraid of the Carthaginians, he moved his entire household to Syracuse; and since he was poor, he taught Agathocles the potter's craft while he was still a boy in age.
§19.2.8καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον Τιμολέων μὲν ὁ Κορίνθιος νικήσας τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ Κρημισσῷ μάχην τοὺς Καρχηδονίους μετέδωκε τῆς ἐν Συρακούσσαις πολιτείας πᾶσι τοῖς βουλομένοις.
At that very time, Timoleon the Corinthian, having won the battle at the Crimisus against the Carthaginians, shared the citizenship in Syracuse with all who wished.
ὁ δὲ Καρκῖνος μετʼ Ἀγαθοκλέους πολιτογραφηθεὶς καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ὀλίγον βιώσας χρόνον ἐτελεύτησεν.
Carcinus was registered as a citizen along with Agathocles, and having lived only a short time after this, he died.
§19.2.9ἡ δὲ μήτηρ ἀνέθηκεν λιθίνην εἰκόνα τοῦ παιδὸς ἔν τινι τεμένει, πρὸς ἣν μελισσῶν ἑσμὸς προσκαθίσας ἐκηροπλάστησεν ἐπὶ τῶν ἰσχίων.
But the mother dedicated a stone image of the boy in a certain sacred precinct, on which a swarm of bees settled and made wax upon its hips.
τοῦ δὲ σημείου προσενεχθέντος τοῖς περὶ ταῦτʼ ἀσχολουμένοις ἀπεφήναντο πάντες κατὰ τὴν ἀκμὴν ἥξειν αὐτὸν εἰς μεγάλην ἐπιφάνειαν· ὅπερ καὶ συνετελέσθη.
When this sign was presented to those who occupied themselves with such matters, they all declared that in his prime he would arrive at great eminence; which indeed was fulfilled.

Notes

  1. §19.2.1ἕνεκα δὲ τοῦ σαφεστέρας γενέσθαι τὰς κατὰ μέρος πράξεις — The preposition ἕνεκα governs the genitive of the articular infinitive τοῦ γενέσθαι to express purpose ('in order that...'). The subject accusative of the infinitive is τὰς κατὰ μέρος πράξεις, and the adjective σαφεστέρας stands in the predicate position with the linking verb γενέσθαι in the accusative feminine plural.
  2. §19.2.3ὧν ἐπιμελῶς τὸ παρακληθὲν πραξάντων — The relative pronoun ὧν is used at the beginning of the sentence to connect it to the preceding clause (connecting relative), referring back to the antecedent θεωροῖς. Together with πραξάντων (aorist active participle, genitive plural), it forms a genitive absolute construction.
  3. §19.2.6τηλικοῦτος ἂν ἦν ὁ ἐκτεθείς, εἴπερ ἐτράφη — Within the ὅτι clause introducing indirect speech (functioning here as direct quotation), a past contrary-to-fact condition is used. The protasis consists of εἴπερ with the aorist passive indicative (ἐτράφη), and the apodosis consists of ἄν with the imperfect indicative (ἦν). The entire clause is dependent on the genitive absolute τῆς τε γυναικὸς εἰπούσης.
  4. §19.2.7γνοῦσα τὴν ὁρμὴν τἀνδρὸς συμφωνοῦσαν τοῖς πεπραγμένοις — The participle γνοῦσα (from γιγνώσκω, a verb of perceiving) takes not only the direct object τὴν ὁρμὴν but also the supplementary participle συμφωνοῦσαν in the accusative feminine singular, meaning 'perceiving that her husband's impulse was in harmony with what had been done.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.2.1-19.2.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.2.1-19.2.9

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.