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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §18.64.1-18.64.5

Nicanor's Seizure of Peiraeus

Passage 65 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Nicanor deceives the Athenians to secretly reinforce his garrison at Munychia and subsequently seizes the walls and harbor of Peiraeus. In response to the protests of a prominent Athenian embassy, he defers the issue to Cassander.

§18.64.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις Νικάνωρ ὁ τὴν Μουνυχίαν κατέχων ἀκούων τὸν μὲν Κάσανδρον ἐκ Μακεδονίας κεχωρίσθαι πρὸς Ἀντίγονον, τὸν δὲ Πολυπέρχοντα προσδόκιμον εἶναι συντόμως ἥξειν εἰς τὴν Ἀττικὴν μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως ἠξίου τοὺς Ἀθηναίους διαφυλάττειν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Κάσανδρον εὔνοιαν.
At the same time as these things were being done, Nicanor, who held Munychia, hearing that Cassander had departed from Macedonia to Antigonus, and that Polyperchon was expected to arrive shortly in Attica with his force, urged the Athenians to maintain their goodwill toward Cassander.
§18.64.2οὐθενὸς δὲ αὐτῷ προσέχοντος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν φρουρὰν πάντων οἰομένων δεῖν ἐξάγειν τὴν ταχίστην τὸ μὲν πρῶτον παρακρουσάμενος τὸν δῆμον ἔπεισεν ὀλίγας ἡμέρας ἐπισχεῖν· πράξειν γὰρ αὐτὸν τὰ συμφέροντα τῇ πόλει·
But since no one paid attention to him, but on the contrary all thought that they ought to expel the garrison as quickly as possible, at first, having deceived the people, he persuaded them to wait a few days; for he said he would do what was advantageous to the city.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἐπί τινας ἡμέρας ἡσυχίαν ἐχόντων ἔλαθε νυκτὸς κατʼ ὀλίγους στρατιώτας εἰσαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν Μουνυχίαν, ὥστε γενέσθαι δύναμιν ἀξιόχρεων τηρεῖν τὴν φυλακὴν καὶ διαγωνίζεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ἐπιβαλλομένους πολιορκεῖν τὴν φρουράν.
After this, while the Athenians remained quiet for some days, he secretly introduced soldiers by night into Munychia, a few at a time, so that there was a force sufficient to maintain the guard and to fight against those who might attempt to besiege the garrison.
§18.64.3οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι γνόντες τὸν Νικάνορα μηδὲν ὑγιὲς πράττοντα πρὸς μὲν τοὺς βασιλέας καὶ Πολυπέρχοντα πρεσβείαν ἐξέπεμψαν, ἀξιοῦντες βοηθεῖν αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὸ διάγραμμα τὸ γραφὲν ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων αὐτονομίας· αὐτοὶ δὲ πλεονάκις ἐκκλησίαν συναγαγόντες ἐβουλεύοντο πῶς χρηστέον εἴη περὶ τοῦ πρὸς Νικάνορα πολέμου.
The Athenians, realizing that Nicanor was acting in bad faith, sent an embassy to the kings and Polyperchon, asking them to help them according to the decree written in behalf of the autonomy of the Greeks; and they themselves, having convened the assembly several times, deliberated on how they should manage the war against Nicanor.
§18.64.4τούτων δʼ ἔτι περὶ ταῦτʼ ἀσχολουμένων ὁ Νικάνωρ, πολλοὺς ἐξενολογηκώς, λάθρᾳ νυκτὸς ἐξαγαγὼν τοὺς στρατιώτας κατελάβετο τὰ τείχη τοῦ Πειραιέως καὶ τοῦ λιμένος τὰ κλεῖθρα.
While they were still occupied with these matters, Nicanor, having recruited many mercenaries, secretly led out his soldiers by night and seized the walls of Peiraeus and the barriers of the harbor.
οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν μὲν Μουνυχίαν οὐκ ἀπειληφότες, τὸν δὲ Πειραιᾶ προσαποβεβληκότες χαλεπῶς ἔφερον.
And the Athenians, having not recovered Munychia and having additionally lost Peiraeus, were deeply distressed.
§18.64.5διόπερ ἑλόμενοι πρέσβεις τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ φιλίαν ἐχόντων πρὸς Νικάνορα Φωκίωνα τὸν Φώκου καὶ Κόνωνα τὸν Τιμοθέου καὶ Κλέαρχον τὸν Ναυσικλέους ἐξαπέστειλαν, ἐγκαλοῦντες μὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπραγμένοις, ἀξιοῦντες δὲ ἀποδοῦναι τὴν αὐτονομίαν αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὸ γεγενημένον διάταγμα.
Therefore, choosing as ambassadors distinguished men who also had a friendship with Nicanor, namely Phocion the son of Phocus, Conon the son of Timotheus, and Clearchus the son of Nausicles, they sent them, complaining of what had been done and demanding that he restore their autonomy to them according to the issued decree.
ὁ δὲ Νικάνωρ ἀποκρίσεις ἔδωκε πρεσβεύειν αὐτοὺς πρὸς Κάσανδρον· ὑπʼ ἐκείνου γὰρ καθεσταμένον φρούραρχον μηδαμῶς ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ἰδιοπραγεῖν.
But Nicanor gave them the answer that they should send an embassy to Cassander; for, having been appointed garrison commander by him, he had absolutely no authority to act on his own.

Notes

  1. 18.64.1προσδόκιμον εἶναι συντόμως ἥξειν — The adjective `προσδόκιμος` ("expected") takes the infinitive `ἥξειν` to form an accusative-with-infinitive construction with `τὸν δὲ Πολυπέρχοντα` as its subject, meaning "that Polyperchon was expected to arrive shortly."
  2. 18.64.2ἔλαθε νυκτὸς κατʼ ὀλίγους στρατιώτας εἰσαγαγὼν — The verb `λανθάνω` in its aorist form `ἔλαθε` is constructed with the participle `εἰσαγαγὼν` to express an action done secretly: "he secretly introduced."
  3. 18.64.2ἀξιόχρεων τηρεῖν τὴν φυλακὴν καὶ διαγωνίζεσθαι — The Attic-declension adjective `ἀξιόχρεως` ("sufficient") in its accusative feminine form `ἀξιόχρεων` modifies `δύναμιν`, with the following infinitives `τηρεῖν` and `διαγωνίζεσθαι` specifying the capacity ("sufficient to maintain and to fight").
  4. 18.64.3πῶς χρηστέον εἴη — The neuter verbal adjective `χρηστέον` combined with the optative copula `εἴη` in an indirect question forms an impersonal construction expressing necessity: "how they should manage (lit. how it must be dealt with)."
  5. 18.64.5ὑπʼ ἐκείνου γὰρ καθεσταμένον φρούραρχον — In the indirect speech construction governed by the infinitive `ἔχειν`, the omitted subject (referring to Nicanor) is in the accusative, which dictates that the modifying perfect passive participle `καθεσταμένον` and the predicate noun `φρούραρχον` must also be in the accusative masculine singular.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §18.64.1-18.64.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:18.64.1-18.64.5

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