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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §18.65.1-18.65.6

Alexander's Scheming and the Athenian Assembly's Verdict

Passage 66 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Nicanor delays restoring the forts despite Olympias's order, while the Athenians rejoice in hope of autonomy. However, Polyperchon's son Alexander arrives and schemes to hold the forts for his own use under the persuasion of Phocion's circle, leading the Athenian assembly to overthrow the oligarchical officials and condemn Phocion and others.

§18.65.1κατὰ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ἧκεν ἐπιστολὴ Νικάνορι παρʼ Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἐν ᾗ προσέταττεν ἀποδοῦναι Ἀθηναίοις τήν τε Μουνυχίαν καὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ.
At this time, a letter came to Nicanor from Olympias, in which she ordered him to restore Munychia and Peiraeus to the Athenians.
ὁ δὲ Νικάνωρ ἀκούων ὅτι μέλλουσιν οἱ βασιλεῖς καὶ Πολυπέρχων κατάγειν εἰς Μακεδονίαν τὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ τοῦ τε παιδίου τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ἐκείνῃ παραδιδόναι καὶ τὴν προϋπάρχουσαν ἀποδοχὴν καὶ τιμὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου ζῶντος ἀποκαθιστάναι Ὀλυμπιάδι, φοβηθεὶς ἐπηγγείλατο μὲν παραδώσειν, ἀεὶ δὲ προφάσεις τινὰς ποιούμενος παρῆγε τὴν πρᾶξιν.
But Nicanor, hearing that the kings and Polyperchon were about to bring Olympias back to Macedonia, and to entrust the care of the child to her, and to restore to Olympias the former acceptance and honor that she had enjoyed while Alexander was alive, was afraid and promised to hand them over, but continually making various excuses, he delayed the execution of the deed.
§18.65.2οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι πεπολυωρηκότες ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις τὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ νομίσαντες τὰς μὲν ταύτῃ δεδογμένας τιμὰς ὄντως γεγονέναι, τὴν δὲ ἀπόληψιν τῆς αὐτονομίας διὰ ταύτης ἐλπίζοντες ἀκινδύνως ἔσεσθαι περιχαρεῖς ἦσαν.
The Athenians, who had highly esteemed Olympias in former times and believed that the honors decreed to her had truly been realized, and hoping that through her they would regain their autonomy without danger, were filled with joy.
§18.65.3ἀτελέστων δʼ ἔτι τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν οὐσῶν ᾗκεν Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Πολυπέρχοντος υἱὸς μετὰ δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν.
While these promises were still unfulfilled, Alexander the son of Polyperchon arrived in Attica with a force.
οἱ μὲν οὖν Ἀθηναῖοι διέλαβον αὐτὸν ἥκειν ἀποκαταστήσοντα τῷ δήμῳ τήν τε Μουνυχίαν καὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ, τὸ δʼ ἀληθὲς οὐχ οὕτως εἶχεν, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον αὐτὸς ἰδίᾳ παραληψόμενος ἀμφότερα πρὸς τὰς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ χρείας.
The Athenians, then, supposed that he had come to restore Munychia and Peiraeus to the people, but the truth was otherwise; on the contrary, he himself was intending to seize both privately for the needs of the war.
§18.65.4τῶν γὰρ Ἀντιπάτρῳ γεγονότων φίλων τινές, ὧν ὑπῆρχον καὶ οἱ περὶ Φωκίωνα, φοβούμενοι τὰς ἐκ τῶν νόμων τιμωρίας ὑπήντησαν τῷ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ καὶ διδάξαντες τὸ συμφέρον ἔπεισαν αὐτὸν ἰδίᾳ κατέχειν τὰ φρούρια καὶ μὴ παραδιδόναι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις, μέχρι ἂν ὁ Κάσανδρος καταπολεμηθῇ.
For some of those who had been friends of Antipater, among whom were Phocion and his circle, fearing the punishments of the laws, met Alexander and, explaining to him what was advantageous, persuaded him to hold the garrisons privately and not to surrender them to the Athenians until Cassander should be subdued.
§18.65.5ὁ δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος πλησίον τοῦ Πειραιῶς καταστρατοπεδεύσας τοὺς μὲν Ἀθηναίους οὐ παρελάμβανε πρὸς τὰς ἐντεύξεις τὰς πρὸς τὸν Νικάνορα, ἰδίᾳ δὲ συνιὼν εἰς λόγους καὶ ἐν ἀπορρήτοις διαπραττόμενος φανερὸς ἦν ἀδικεῖν μέλλων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους.
Alexander, having encamped near Peiraeus, did not admit the Athenians to his conferences with Nicanor, but meeting him in private and negotiating in secret, he made it clear that he was about to wrong the Athenians.
§18.65.6ὁ δὲ δῆμος εἰς ἐκκλησίαν συνελθὼν τὰς μὲν ὑπαρχούσας ἀρχὰς κατέλυσεν, ἐκ δὲ τῶν δημοτικωτάτων τὰ ἀρχεῖα καταστήσας τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας γεγονότας ἄρχοντας κατεδίκασε τοὺς μὲν θανάτῳ, τοὺς δὲ φυγῇ καὶ δημεύσει τῆς οὐσίας· ἐν οἷς ἦν καὶ Φωκίων ὁ ἐπʼ Ἀντιπάτρου τὴν τῶν ὅλων ἀρχὴν ἐσχηκώς.
The people, having gathered in an assembly, abolished the existing magistracies, and having established offices from among the most democratic citizens, they condemned the officials who had held office under the oligarchy, some to death, others to exile and confiscation of property; among these was Phocion, who under Antipater had held the supreme power over all affairs.

Notes

  1. §18.65.3παραληψόμενος — The future participle παραληψόμενος expresses purpose, modifying the verb ἧκεν ('arrived') understood from the preceding sentence.
  2. §18.65.4οἱ περὶ Φωκίωνα — The expression οἱ περί with an accusative (here Φωκίωνα) is an idiomatic construction referring to 'Phocion and his circle' or 'Phocion and his political associates.'
  3. §18.65.5φανερὸς ἦν — The construction of φανερός εἰμι with a participle (here μέλλων) is a personal construction meaning 'he was clearly about to...', rather than an impersonal one.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §18.65.1-18.65.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:18.65.1-18.65.6

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