§5.33.1ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀρκούντως περὶ Κελτῶν εἰρηκότες μεταβιβάσομεν τὴν ἱστορίαν ἐπὶ τοὺς πλησιοχώρους τούτοις Κελτίβηρας.
Having spoken sufficiently about the Celts, we shall transfer our history to the Celtiberians who are adjacent to them.
οὗτοι γὰρ τὸ παλαιὸν περὶ τῆς χώρας ἀλλήλοις διαπολεμήσαντες, οἵ τε Ἴβηρες καὶ οἱ Κελτοί, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα διαλυθέντες καὶ τὴν χώραν κοινῇ κατοικήσαντες, ἔτι δʼ ἐπιγαμίας πρὸς ἀλλήλους συνθέμενοι, διὰ τὴν ἐπιμιξίαν ταύτης ἔτυχον τῆς προσηγορίας.
For these, namely the Iberians and the Celts, having in ancient times waged war against one another over the land, and having afterwards reconciled and inhabited the land in common, and furthermore having contracted intermarriages with one another, obtained this name through this mixture.
δυεῖν δʼ ἐθνῶν ἀλκίμων μιχθέντων καὶ χώρας ὑποκειμένης ἀγαθῆς, συνέβη τοὺς Κελτίβηρας ἐπὶ πολὺ τῇ δόξῃ προελθεῖν, καὶ Ῥωμαίοις πολλοὺς χρόνους ἀντιταξαμένους μόγις καταπολεμηθῆναι.
Since two brave nations were mixed and the underlying land was excellent, it came about that the Celtiberians advanced greatly in reputation, and after opposing the Romans for many years, were only with difficulty subdued.
§5.33.2δοκοῦσι δʼ οὗτοι κατὰ τοὺς πολέμους οὐ μόνον ἱππεῖς ἀγαθούς, ἀλλὰ καὶ πεζοὺς παρέχεσθαι διαφόρους ταῖς ἀλκαῖς καὶ ταῖς καρτερίαις.
These people are thought to provide in wars not only good cavalry, but also infantry outstanding in courage and endurance.
φοροῦσι δʼ οὗτοι σάγους μέλανας τραχεῖς καὶ παραπλήσιον ἔχοντας τὸ ἔριον ταῖς αἰγείαις θριξίν.
They wear black, coarse cloaks, the wool of which is very similar to goats' hair.
§5.33.3ὁπλίζονται δέ τινες τῶν Κελτιβήρων Γαλατικοῖς θυρεοῖς κούφοις, τινὲς δὲ κυρτίαις κυκλοτερέσιν ἀσπίδων ἐχούσαις τὰ μεγέθη, καὶ περὶ τὰς κνήμας τριχίνας εἰλοῦσι κνημῖδας, περὶ δὲ τὰς κεφαλὰς κράνη χαλκᾶ περιτίθενται φοινικοῖς ἠσκημένα λόφοις.
Some of the Celtiberians are armed with light Galatian shields, and others with circular shields of the size of ordinary shields, and they wind greaves made of hair around their shins, and place bronze helmets adorned with scarlet crests around their heads.
ξίφη δʼ ἀμφίστομα καὶ σιδήρῳ διαφόρῳ κεχαλκευμένα φοροῦσιν, ἔχοντες σπιθαμιαίας παραξιφίδας, αἷς χρῶνται κατὰ τὰς ἐν ταῖς μάχαις συμπλοκάς.
They carry two-edged swords forged from excellent iron, having daggers a span long, which they use in close combat during battles.
§5.33.4ἴδιον δέ τι παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐστι περὶ τὴν τῶν ἀμυντηρίων κατασκευήν· ἐλάσματα γὰρ σιδήρου κατακρύπτουσιν εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ταῦτα ἐῶσι μέχρι ἂν ὅτου διὰ τὸν χρόνον τοῦ ἰοῦ περιφαγόντος τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ σιδήρου καταλειφθῇ τὸ στερεώτατον, ἐξ οὗ κατασκευάζουσι διάφορα ξίφη καὶ τἄλλα τὰ πρὸς πόλεμον ἀνήκοντα.
There is something unique among them concerning the manufacture of defensive weapons; for they bury plates of iron in the earth, and leave them until, in the course of time, as rust eats away the weak part of the iron, only the most solid part is left, from which they manufacture excellent swords and other things pertaining to war.
τὸ δʼ οὕτω κατασκευασθὲν ὅπλον πᾶν τὸ ὑποπεσὸν διαιρεῖ, ἀφʼ οὗπερ οὔτε θυρεὸς οὔτε κράνος οὔτε ὀστοῦν ὑπομένει τὴν πληγὴν διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀρετῆς τοῦ σιδήρου.
Every weapon manufactured in this way cuts through whatever falls beneath it, wherefore neither shield nor helmet nor bone withstands its blow because of the extraordinary quality of the iron.
§5.33.5διμάχαι δʼ ὄντες, ἐπειδὰν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων ἀγωνισάμενοι νικήσωσι, καταπηδῶντες καὶ τὴν τῶν πεζῶν τάξιν μεταλαμβάνοντες θαυμαστὰς ποιοῦνται μάχας.
Being double-fighters, whenever they have gained the advantage fighting from their horses, they leap down and, taking their place in the ranks of the infantry, wage wonderful battles.
ἴδιον δέ τι καὶ παράδοξον νόμιμον παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν· ἐπιμελεῖς γὰρ ὄντες καὶ καθάρειοι ταῖς διαίταις ἓν ἔργον ἐπιτηδεύουσι βάναυσον καὶ πολλῆς ἀκαθαρσίας κεκοινωνηκός· παρʼ ἕκαστα γὰρ τὸ σῶμα λοῦσιν οὔρῳ, καὶ τοὺς ὀδόντας παρατρίβοντες ταύτην ἡγοῦνται θεραπείαν εἶναι τοῦ σώματος.
There is also a unique and paradoxical custom among them; for though they are careful and clean in their ways of life, they practice one vulgar habit that is associated with much uncleanness; for they wash their bodies with urine on every occasion, and by rubbing their teeth with it, they believe this to be a treatment for the body.