§4.64.1ἡμεῖς δὲ περὶ τούτων ἀρκούντως εἰρηκότες τὰ περὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐπὶ Θήβας ἱστορήσομεν, ἀναλαβόντες τὰς ἐξ ἀρχῆς αἰτίας τοῦ πολέμου.
Since we have spoken sufficiently of these matters, we shall relate the story of the Seven against Thebes, taking up the original causes of the war.
Λάιος ὁ Θηβῶν βασιλεὺς γήμας Ἰοκάστην τὴν Κρέοντος, καὶ χρόνον ἱκανὸν ἄπαις ὤν, ἐπηρώτησε τὸν θεὸν περὶ τέκνων γενέσεως.
Laius, the king of Thebes, married Jocasta, the daughter of Creon, and having been childless for a considerable time, he inquired of the god concerning the birth of children.
τῆς δὲ Πυθίας δούσης χρησμὸν αὐτῷ μὴ συμφέρειν γενέσθαι τέκνα ʽτὸν γὰρ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τεκνωθέντα παῖδα πατροκτόνον ἔσεσθαι καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκίαν πληρώσειν μεγάλων ἀτυχημάτωνʼ, ἐπιλαθόμενος τοῦ χρησμοῦ καὶ γεννήσας υἱόν, ἐξέθηκε τὸ βρέφος διαπερονήσας αὐτοῦ τὰ σφυρὰ σιδήρῳ· §4.64.2διʼ ἣν αἰτίαν Οἰδίπους ὕστερον ὠνομάσθη.
And when the Pythia gave him an oracle that it was not to his advantage that children should be born to him—'for the child begotten of him would be a parricide and would fill his whole house with great misfortunes'—he forgot the oracle, begot a son, and exposed the infant, having pierced its ankles through with iron; for which reason he was later named Oedipus.
οἱ δʼ οἰκέται λαβόντες τὸ παιδίον ἐκθεῖναι μὲν οὐκ ἠθέλησαν, ἐδωρήσαντο δὲ τῇ Πολύβου γυναικί, οὐ δυναμένῃ γεννῆσαι παῖδας.
But the servants, having taken the child, were unwilling to expose him, and gave him as a gift to the wife of Polybus, who was unable to bear children.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀνδρωθέντος τοῦ παιδός, ὁ μὲν Λάιος ἔκρινεν ἐπερωτῆσαι τὸν θεὸν περὶ τοῦ βρέφους τοῦ ἐκτεθέντος, ὁ δὲ Οἰδίπους μαθὼν παρά τινος τὴν καθʼ ἑαυτὸν ὑποβολήν, ἐπεχείρησεν ἐπερωτῆσαι τὴν Πυθίαν περὶ τῶν κατʼ ἀλήθειαν γονέων.
After this, when the boy had grown to manhood, Laius decided to inquire of the god concerning the exposed infant, while Oedipus, having learned from someone of his own substitution, attempted to inquire of the Pythia concerning his true parents.
κατὰ δὲ τὴν Φωκίδα τούτων ἀλλήλοις ἀπαντησάντων, ὁ μὲν Λάιος ὑπερηφάνως ἐκχωρεῖν τῆς ὁδοῦ προσέταττεν, ὁ δʼ Οἰδίπους ὀργισθεὶς ἀπέκτεινε τὸν Λάιον, ἀγνοῶν ὅτι πατὴρ ἦν αὐτοῦ. §4.64.3καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον μυθολογοῦσι σφίγγα, δίμορφον θηρίον, παραγενομένην εἰς τὰς Θήβας αἴνιγμα προτιθέναι τῷ δυναμένῳ λῦσαι, καὶ πολλοὺς ὑπʼ αὐτῆς διʼ ἀπορίαν ἀναιρεῖσθαι.
When they met each other in Phocis, Laius arrogantly ordered him to get out of the way, but Oedipus, becoming angry, slew Laius, not knowing that he was his father. At this very time, they relate that the Sphinx, a double-formed beast, having come to Thebes, proposed a riddle to anyone who was able to solve it, and that many were destroyed by her because of their helplessness.
προτιθεμένου δὲ ἐπάθλου φιλανθρώπου τῷ λύσαντι γαμεῖν τὴν Ἰοκάστην καὶ βασιλεύειν τῶν Θηβῶν, ἄλλον μὲν μηδένα δύνασθαι γνῶναι τὸ προτεθειμένον, μόνον δὲ Οἰδίπουν λῦσαι τὸ αἴνιγμα.
And although a generous prize was offered to the one who solved it—namely, to marry Jocasta and rule over Thebes—no one else was able to understand what was proposed, and only Oedipus solved the riddle.
ἦν δὲ τὸ προτεθὲν ὑπὸ τῆς σφιγγός, τί ἐστι τὸ αὐτὸ δίπουν, τρίπουν, τετράπουν. §4.64.4ἀπορουμένων δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ὁ Οἰδίπους ἀπεφήνατο ἄνθρωπον εἶναι τὸ προβληθέν· νήπιον μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν ὑπάρχοντα τετράπουν εἶναι, αὐξήσαντα δὲ δίπουν, γηράσαντα δὲ τρίπουν, βακτηρίᾳ χρώμενον διὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν.
The riddle proposed by the Sphinx was: what is the same thing that is two-footed, three-footed, and four-footed? While the others were at a loss, Oedipus declared that the thing proposed was man; for when he is an infant he is four-footed, when he has grown he is two-footed, and when he has grown old he is three-footed, using a staff because of his weakness.
ἐνταῦθα τὴν μὲν σφίγγα κατὰ τὸν μυθολογούμενον χρησμὸν ἑαυτὴν κατακρημνίσαι, τὸν δʼ Οἰδίπουν γήμαντα τὴν ἀγνοουμένην ὑφʼ ἑαυτοῦ μητέρα γεννῆσαι δύο μὲν υἱοὺς Ἐτεοκλέα καὶ Πολυνείκην, δύο δὲ θυγατέρας Ἀντιγόνην καὶ Ἰσμήνην.
Thereupon the Sphinx, according to the mythologized oracle, threw herself down a precipice, while Oedipus, having married the mother who was unknown to him, begot two sons, Eteocles and Polynices, and two daughters, Antigone and Ismene.