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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.63.1-4.63.5

Abduction of Helen and Rescue by the Dioscuri

Passage 299 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Theseus and Pirithous jointly abduct Helen, and Theseus wins her by lot, hiding her in Aphidna. Later, while they are imprisoned in the underworld for attempting to carry off Persephone, the Dioscuri destroy Aphidna and rescue Helen.

§4.63.1ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐπεὶ τὸν περὶ Θησέως λόγον ἀποδεδώκαμεν, ἐν μέρει διέξιμεν περί τε τῆς κατὰ τὴν Ἑλένην ἁρπαγῆς καὶ τῆς μνηστείας Φερσεφόνης ὑπὸ Πειρίθου· αὗται γὰρ αἱ πράξεις συμπεπλεγμέναι ταῖς Θησέως εἰσί.
Since we have completed the account concerning Theseus, we shall relate in turn the abduction of Helen and the courting of Persephone by Pirithous; for these deeds are closely intertwined with those of Theseus.
Πειρίθους γὰρ ὁ Ἰξίονος, ἀποθανούσης αὐτοῦ τῆς γυναικὸς Ἱπποδαμείας καὶ καταλιπούσης υἱὸν Πολυποίτην, παρῆλθεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας πρὸς Θησέα.
Pirithous, the son of Ixion, when his wife Hippodameia died and left a son Polypoetes, came to Athens to visit Theseus.
§4.63.2καταλαβὼν δὲ τετελευτηκυῖαν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ Θησέως Φαίδραν ἔπεισεν αὐτὸν ἁρπάσαι τὴν Λήδας καὶ Διὸς Ἑλένην, δεκαετῆ μὲν τὴν ἡλικίαν οὖσαν, εὐπρεπείᾳ δὲ πασῶν διαφέρουσαν.
And finding that Phaedra, the wife of Theseus, had died, he persuaded him to carry off Helen, the daughter of Leda and Zeus, who was ten years of age, but surpassed all women in beauty.
παραγενόμενοι δʼ εἰς Λακεδαίμονα μετὰ πλειόνων, καὶ καιρὸν εὔθετον λαβόντες, ἥρπασαν τὴν Ἑλένην κοινῇ καὶ ἀπήγαγον εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας.
Having gone to Lacedaemon with a large number of companions, and having found a favorable opportunity, they carried off Helen jointly and brought her back to Athens.
§4.63.3ἔπειτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμολογίας ἔθεντο διακληρώσασθαι, καὶ τὸν μὲν λαχόντα γῆμαι τὴν Ἑλένην, τῷ δʼ ἑτέρῳ συμπρᾶξαι περὶ ἑτέρας γυναικός, ὑπομένοντα πάντα κίνδυνον.
Then they entered into an agreement with each other to cast lots, and that the one who won the lot should marry Helen, but should assist the other to obtain another woman, enduring every danger.
περὶ δὲ τούτων δόντες ἀλλήλοις ὅρκους ἔλαχον, καὶ συνέβη τῷ κλήρῳ λαχεῖν Θησέα.
Having exchanged oaths on these terms, they cast lots, and it fell to Theseus by lot to win.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν κύριος κατέστη τῆς παρθένου τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· τῶν δʼ Ἀθηναίων ἀγανακτούντων ἐπὶ τῷ γεγονότι, φοβηθεὶς ὁ Θησεὺς ὑπεξέθετο τὴν Ἑλένην εἰς Ἄφιδναν, μίαν τῶν Ἀττικῶν πόλεων.
Thus he became master of the maiden in this manner; but since the Athenians were outraged at what had happened, Theseus, being afraid, secretly removed Helen to Aphidna, one of the cities of Attica.
παρακατέστησε δʼ αὐτῇ τὴν μητέρα Αἴθραν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων φίλων τοὺς ἀρίστους, φύλακας τῆς παρθένου.
He placed beside her his mother Aethra and the best of his other friends as guardians of the maiden.
§4.63.4Πειρίθου δὲ κρίναντος μνηστεῦσαι Φερσεφόνην καὶ παρακαλοῦντος συναποδημῆσαι, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὁ Θησεὺς μετέπειθεν ἀποτρέπων τῆς πράξεως αὐτὸν διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν· τοῦ δὲ Πειρίθου βιαζομένου συνηναγκάσθη διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους ὁ Θησεὺς μετασχεῖν τῆς πράξεως.
When Pirithous decided to court Persephone and urged him to accompany him, at first Theseus tried to dissuade him, turning him away from the deed because of its impiety; but since Pirithous insisted, Theseus was compelled by his oaths to share in the deed.
καὶ πέρας καταβάντων αὐτῶν εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ᾅδου τόπους, συνέβη διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἀμφοτέρους δεθῆναι, καὶ Θησέα μὲν ὕστερον διὰ τὴν Ἡρακλέους χάριν ἀπολυθῆναι, Πειρίθουν δὲ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἐν ᾅδου διατελεῖν τιμωρίας αἰωνίου τυγχάνοντα· ἔνιοι δὲ τῶν μυθογράφων φασὶν ἀμφοτέρους μὴ τυχεῖν τοῦ νόστου.
And finally, when they went down to the regions of Hades, because of their impiety they were both bound; and Theseus was later released through the favor of Heracles, but Pirithous because of his impiety remained in Hades, receiving eternal punishment; but some of the mythographers say that neither of them obtained a return.
§4.63.5καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον λέγουσι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τῆς Ἑλένης Διοσκόρους στρατεύσαντας ἐπὶ τὴν Ἄφιδναν καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἑλόντας ταύτην μὲν κατασκάψαι, τὴν δʼ Ἑλένην ἀπαγαγεῖν εἰς Λακεδαίμονα παρθένον οὖσαν, καὶ μετʼ αὐτῆς δούλην τὴν μητέρα Θησέως Αἴθραν.
At this very time, they say that the Dioscuri, the brothers of Helen, having marched against Aphidna and taken the city, razed it to the ground, and carried Helen back to Lacedaemon, she being still a maiden, and with her the mother of Theseus, Aethra, as a slave.

Notes

  1. §4.63.1ταῖς Θησέως — The definite article `ταῖς` (feminine plural dative) modifies the omitted noun `πράξεσι` (deeds), referring back to `αἱ πράξεις` earlier in the sentence, meaning "with those [the deeds] of Theseus." The dative case is governed by the adjective `συμπεπλεγμέναι` (intertwined with).
  2. §4.63.3τῷ δʼ ἑτέρῳ συμπρᾶξαι — In the accusative and infinitive construction introduced by `ἔθεντο ὁμολογίας` (made an agreement), the subject of `γῆμαι` is the accusative `τὸν μὲν λαχόντα` (the one who won the lot). In contrast, the dative `τῷ δʼ ἑτέρῳ` is the dative complement of the infinitive `συμπρᾶξαι` (to assist [the other]), while the implied subject of this second infinitive (the remaining party) is omitted.
  3. §4.63.4μετέπειθεν — The imperfect tense of the verb `μεταπείθω` (to persuade to change one's mind), used here as a conative imperfect ("tried to persuade / was trying to dissuade"). This indicates an attempted but unsuccessful action, which fits the subsequent context where Theseus is ultimately forced by his oaths to join Pirithous.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.63.1-4.63.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.63.1-4.63.5

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