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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.54.1-4.54.7

Medea's Revenge and Flight from Corinth

Passage 290 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The narrative describes how Medea, enraged by Jason's attempt to remarry the daughter of Creon, exacted revenge by burning the palace, killing the bride and the king, and murdering her own children before fleeing to Heracles in Thebes.

§4.54.1ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου τὰ μυθολογούμενα πάντα διήλθομεν, νυνὶ δὲ προσθετέον ἡμῖν καὶ ὑπὲρ Ἰάσονος τὸν ὑπολειπόμενον λόγον.
But concerning this god we have recounted all the mythical tales; now we must add the remaining story about Jason.
φασὶ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν Κορίνθῳ κατοικοῦντα καὶ συμβιώσαντα δεκαετῆ χρόνον Μηδείᾳ γεννῆσαι παῖδας ἐξ αὐτῆς, τοὺς μὲν πρεσβυτάτους δύο διδύμους Θετταλόν τε καὶ Ἀλκιμένην, τὸν δὲ τρίτον πολὺ νεώτερον τούτων Τίσανδρον.
For they say that while dwelling in Corinth and having lived together with Medea for a period of ten years, he begot children by her: the eldest two, twins, Thessalus and Alcimenes, and the third, much younger than these, Tisander.
§4.54.2τοῦτον μὲν οὖν τὸν χρόνον ἱστοροῦσιν ἀποδοχῆς ἀξιωθῆναι τὴν Μήδειαν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς διὰ τὸ μὴ μόνον κάλλει διαφέρειν αὐτήν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σωφροσύνῃ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἀρεταῖς κεκοσμῆσθαι· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀεὶ μᾶλλον τοῦ χρόνου τὴν φυσικὴν εὐπρέπειαν ἀφαιρουμένου, λέγεται τὸν Ἰάσονα Γλαύκης ἐρασθέντα τῆς Κρέοντος θυγατρὸς μνηστεῦσαι τὴν παρθένον.
Now during this time, they relate that Medea was deemed worthy of acceptance by her husband because she not only excelled in beauty but was also adorned with self-control and the other virtues; but after this, as time always more and more stripped away her natural comeliness, it is said that Jason, having fallen in love with Glauce, the daughter of Creon, betrothed himself to the maiden.
§4.54.3συγκαταθεμένου δὲ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τάξαντος ἡμέραν τοῖς γάμοις, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπιβαλέσθαι φασὶν αὐτὸν πείθειν τὴν Μήδειαν ἑκουσίως παραχωρῆσαι τῆς συμβιώσεως· βούλεσθαι γὰρ αὐτὸν γαμεῖν οὐκ ἀποδοκιμάσαντα τὴν πρὸς αὐτὴν ὁμιλίαν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς τέκνοις σπεύδοντα
When her father had consented and set a day for the wedding, they say that at first he attempted to persuade Medea to withdraw voluntarily from their life together; for he wished to marry, not because he rejected his association with her, but because he was eager for his children to make the king's house related by marriage.
§4.54.4συγγενῆ τὸν τοῦ βασιλέως οἶκον ποιῆσαι. ἀγανακτούσης δὲ τῆς γυναικὸς καὶ θεοὺς μαρτυρομένης τοὺς ἐπόπτας γενομένους τῶν ὅρκων, φασὶ τὸν Ἰάσονα καταφρονήσαντα τῶν ὅρκων γῆμαι τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως θυγατέρα.
But when the woman was indignant and called upon the gods who had been observers of their oaths to witness, they say that Jason, having set the oaths at naught, married the king's daughter.
§4.54.5τὴν δὲ Μήδειαν ἐξελαυνομένην ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ μίαν ἡμέραν παρὰ τοῦ Κρέοντος λαβοῦσαν εἰς τὴν τῆς φυγῆς παρασκευήν, εἰς μὲν τὰ βασίλεια νυκτὸς εἰσελθεῖν ἀλλοιώσασαν τοῖς φαρμάκοις τὴν αὑτῆς ὄψιν, καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ὑφάψαι, ῥίζιόν τι προσθεῖσαν, εὑρημένον μὲν ὑπὸ Κίρκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς, δύναμιν δʼ ἔχον, ἐπὰν ἐξαφθῇ, δυσκατάσβεστον.
And Medea, being driven out of the city and having obtained one day from Creon for the preparation of her flight, entered the palace by night, having altered her appearance by drugs, and set the house on fire, having added a certain root discovered by her sister Circe, which possessed the property, once ignited, of being difficult to extinguish.
ἄφνω δὲ φλεγομένων τῶν βασιλείων, τὸν μὲν Ἰάσονα ταχέως ἐκπηδῆσαι, τὴν δὲ Γλαύκην καὶ τὸν Κρέοντα τοῦ πυρὸς περικαταλαβόντος διαφθαρῆναι.
And when the palace suddenly burst into flames, Jason quickly leaped out, but Glauce and Creon were destroyed as the fire enveloped them.
§4.54.6τινὲς δὲ τῶν συγγραφέων φασὶ τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς τῆς Μηδείας δῶρα κομίσαι τῇ νύμφῃ φαρμάκοις κεχριμένα, τὴν δὲ Γλαύκην δεξαμένην καὶ τῷ σώματι περιθεμένην αὐτήν τε συμφορᾷ περιπεσεῖν καὶ τὸν πατέρα βοηθοῦντα καὶ τοῦ σώματος ἁψάμενον τελευτῆσαι.
But some of the historians say that the sons of Medea brought to the bride gifts smeared with drugs, and that Glauce, having accepted them and put them on her body, fell into disaster herself, and her father, while trying to help her and having touched her body, perished.
§4.54.7τὴν δὲ Μήδειαν ἐπιτυχοῦσαν τοῖς πρώτοις ἐγχειρήμασιν οὐκ ἀποστῆναι τῆς Ἰάσονος τιμωρίας.
And Medea, having succeeded in her first attempts, did not desist from her vengeance upon Jason.
ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο γὰρ προελθεῖν αὐτὴν ὀργῆς ἅμα καὶ ζηλοτυπίας, ἔτι δʼ ὠμότητος, ὥστʼ ἐπεὶ διέφυγε τὸν μετὰ τῆς νύμφης κίνδυνον, τῇ σφαγῇ τῶν κοινῶν τέκνων ἐμβαλεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὰς μεγίστας συμφοράς· πλὴν γὰρ ἑνὸς τοῦ διαφυγόντος τοὺς ἄλλους υἱοὺς ἀποσφάξαι καὶ μετὰ τῶν πιστοτάτων θεραπαινίδων ἔτι νυκτὸς μέσης φυγεῖν ἐκ τῆς Κορίνθου, καὶ διεκπεσεῖν εἰς Θήβας πρὸς Ἡρακλέα· τοῦτον γὰρ μεσίτην γεγονότα τῶν ὁμολογιῶν ἐν Κόλχοις ἐπηγγέλθαι βοηθήσειν αὐτῇ παρασπονδουμένῃ.
For she advanced to such a degree of anger and jealousy, and still of cruelty, that since he had escaped the danger shared with the bride, she plunged him into the greatest misfortunes by the slaughter of their common children; for, except for one who escaped, she slaughtered the other sons and, with her most faithful maidservants, while it was still midnight, fled from Corinth and made her way to Thebes to Heracles; for he, having become a mediator of the agreements in Colchis, had promised to help her if she were wronged.

Notes

  1. 4.54.2τοῦ χρόνου τὴν φυσικὴν εὐπρέπειαν ἀφαιρουμένου — A genitive absolute construction describing the decline of beauty with the passage of time. The present middle participle ἀφαιρουμένου is active-like in meaning (deponent or middle of self-interest), denoting that time 'takes away' her natural beauty, rather than being taken away passively.
  2. 4.54.3σπεύδοντα — The present accusative participle σπεύδοντα modifies Ἰάσονα and governs the infinitive ποιῆσαι in the following section across the milestone (meaning 'eager to make'). Syntactically, it explains his motivation for the marriage as a desire for his children's advancement rather than a dislike for Medea.
  3. 4.54.7παρασπονδουμένῃ — A present passive participle in the dative, modifying αὐτῇ (Medea). It functions temporally or conditionally ('if she should be wronged / her treaty violated'), indicating the circumstance under which Heracles was bound by his promise (ἐπηγγέλθαι).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.54.1-4.54.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.54.1-4.54.7

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