§3.49.1τούτων δʼ ἡμῖν διευκρινημένων οἰκεῖον ἂν εἴη διελθεῖν περὶ τῶν Λιβύων τῶν πλησίον Αἰγύπτου κατοικούντων καὶ τῆς ὁμόρου χώρας.
Now that these matters have been clarified by us, it would be appropriate to discuss the Libyans who dwell near Egypt and the neighboring country.
τὰ γὰρ περὶ Κυρήνην καὶ τὰς Σύρτεις, ἔτι δὲ τὴν μεσόγειον τῆς κατὰ τοὺς τόπους τούτους χέρσου, κατοικεῖ τέτταρα γένη Λιβύων· ὧν οἱ μὲν ὀνομαζόμενοι Νασαμῶνες νέμονται τὰ νεύοντα μέρη πρὸς νότον, οἱ δʼ Αὐσχῖσαι τὰ πρὸς τὴν δύσιν, οἱ δὲ Μαρμαρίδαι κατοικοῦσι τὴν μεταξὺ ταινίαν Αἰγύπτου καὶ Κυρήνης, μετέχοντες καὶ τῆς παραλίου, οἱ δὲ Μάκαι πολυανθρωπίᾳ τῶν ὁμοεθνῶν προέχοντες νέμονται τοὺς τόπους τοὺς περὶ τὴν Σύρτιν.
For four tribes of Libyans inhabit the regions around Cyrene and the Syrtes, and also the interior of the mainland in these places; of these, the people called Nasamones occupy the regions inclining to the south, the Auschisae those to the west, the Marmaridae dwell in the strip of land between Egypt and Cyrene, sharing also in the coast, and the Macae, outstanding in population among their fellow countrymen, occupy the territory around the Syrtis.
§3.49.2τῶν δὲ προειρημένων Λιβύων γεωργοὶ μέν εἰσιν οἷς ὑπάρχει χώρα δυναμένη καρπὸν φέρειν δαψιλῆ, νομάδες δʼ ὅσοι τῶν κτηνῶν τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ποιούμενοι τὰς τροφὰς ἔχουσιν ἀπὸ τούτων· ἀμφότερα δὲ τὰ γένη ταῦτα βασιλέας ἔχει καὶ βίον οὐ παντελῶς ἄγριον οὐδʼ ἀνθρωπίνης ἡμερότητος ἐξηλλαγμένον.
Of the aforementioned Libyans, those are agriculturalists who possess a country capable of bearing abundant crops, while those are nomads who, taking care of their herds, get their food from them; and both of these tribes have kings and a way of life that is not altogether savage nor removed from human gentleness.
τὸ δὲ τρίτον γένος οὔτε βασιλέως ὑπακοῦον οὔτε τοῦ δικαίου λόγον οὐδʼ ἔννοιαν ἔχον ἀεὶ λῃστεύει, ἀπροσδοκήτως δὲ τὰς ἐμβολὰς ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου ποιούμενον ἁρπάζει τὰ παρατυχόντα, καὶ ταχέως ἀνακάμπτει πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον.
But the third tribe, obeying no king and having no regard or concept of justice, always lives by plunder, and making unexpected incursions from the desert, snatches whatever is at hand, and quickly retreats to the same place.
§3.49.3πάντες δʼ οἱ Λίβυες οὗτοι θηριώδη βίον ἔχουσιν, ὑπαίθριοι διαμένοντες καὶ τὸ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἄγριον ἐζηλωκότες· οὔτε γὰρ ἡμέρου διαίτης οὔτʼ ἐσθῆτος μετέχουσιν, ἀλλὰ δοραῖς αἰγῶν σκεπάζουσι τὰ σώματα.
All of these Libyans have a beast-like life, remaining in the open air and emulating a wild state of customs; for they share in neither a civilized diet nor clothing, but cover their bodies with the skins of goats.
τοῖς δὲ δυνάσταις αὐτῶν πόλεις μὲν τὸ σύνολον οὐχ ὑπάρχουσι, πύργοι δὲ πλησίον τῶν ὑδάτων, εἰς οὓς ἀποτίθενται τὰ πλεονάζοντα τῆς ὠφελείας.
Their chieftains do not possess cities at all, but towers near the water sources, in which they store the surplus of their plunder.
τοὺς δʼ ὑποτεταγμένους λαοὺς κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἐξορκίζουσι πειθαρχήσειν· καὶ τῶν μὲν ὑπακουσάντων ὡς συμμάχων φροντίζουσι, τῶν δὲ μὴ προσεχόντων θάνατον καταγνόντες ὡς λῃσταῖς πολεμοῦσιν.
They bind their subject peoples by oaths every year to obey them; and they care for those who are obedient as allies, but those who pay no heed they sentence to death and wage war against them as robbers.
§3.49.4ὁ δʼ ὁπλισμὸς αὐτῶν ἐστιν οἰκεῖος τῆς τε χώρας καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων· κοῦφοι γὰρ ὄντες τοῖς σώμασι καὶ χώραν οἰκοῦντες κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον πεδιάδα, πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους ὁρμῶσι λόγχας ἔχοντες τρεῖς καὶ λίθους ἐν ἄγγεσι σκυτίνοις· ξίφος δʼ οὐ φοροῦσιν οὐδὲ κράνος οὐδʼ ὅπλον οὐδὲν ἕτερον, στοχαζόμενοι τοῦ προτερεῖν ταῖς εὐκινησίαις ἐν τοῖς διωγμοῖς καὶ πάλιν ἐν ταῖς ἀποχωρήσεσι.
Their armor is suited to their country and their customs; for being light in body and inhabiting a country that is for the most part a plain, they rush into dangers carrying three spears and stones in leather bags; they do not wear a sword, nor a helmet, nor any other weapon, aiming to have the advantage by their agility in pursuits and, in turn, in retreats.
§3.49.5διόπερ εὔθετοι πρὸς δρόμον εἰσὶ καὶ λιθοβολίαν, διαπεπονηκότες τῇ μελέτῃ καὶ τῇ συνηθείᾳ τὰ τῆς φύσεως προτερήματα.
For this reason they are well-fitted for running and throwing stones, having thoroughly trained by practice and habit their natural advantages.
καθόλου δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους οὔτε τὸ δίκαιον οὔτε τὴν πίστιν κατʼ οὐδένα τρόπον διατηροῦσιν.
In general, they do not observe justice or good faith in any way toward foreign peoples.