§3.48.1περὶ δὲ τῶν κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν ὁρωμένων παραδόξων ἐν τοῖς τόποις οὐ παραλειπτέον.
But we must not pass over the wonders observed in the heavens in those regions.
θαυμασιώτατον μέν ἐστι τὸ περὶ τὴν ἄρκτον ἱστορούμενον καὶ πλείστην ἀπορίαν παρεχόμενον τοῖς πλοϊζομένοις· ἀπὸ γὰρ μηνὸς ὃν καλοῦσιν Ἀθηναῖοι μαιμακτηριῶνα τῶν ἑπτὰ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἄρκτον ἀστέρων οὐδένα φασὶν ὁρᾶσθαι μέχρι τῆς πρώτης φυλακῆς, τῷ δὲ ποσειδεῶνι μέχρι δευτέρας, καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ἑξῆς ἐκ τοῦ κατʼ ὀλίγον ἀθεωρήτους ὑπάρχειν.
The most wonderful of all is that which is told concerning the Bear, which causes the greatest perplexity to sailors; for they say that from the month which the Athenians call Maimakterion, not one of the seven stars of the Bear is visible until the first watch, and in the month of Poseideon until the second watch, and in the following months they are gradually invisible.
§3.48.2τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τοὺς ὀνομαζομένους πλάνητας τοὺς μὲν μείζονας τῶν παρʼ ἡμῖν, ἑτέρους δὲ μηδὲ τὰς ὁμοίας ἀνατολὰς καὶ δύσεις ποιεῖσθαι· τὸν δʼ ἥλιον οὐχ ὥσπερ παρʼ ἡμῖν βραχὺ πρὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἀνατολῆς προαποστέλλειν τὸ φῶς, ἀλλʼ ἔτι νυκτὸς οὔσης σκοταίου παραδόξως ἄφνω φανέντα ἐκλάμπειν.
And of the other stars, those called planets, some are larger than those seen among us, while others do not make similar risings and settings; and the sun does not, as among us, send forth its light a little before its own rising, but while it is still dark night, it suddenly shines out, appearing in a marvelous manner.
§3.48.3διὸ καὶ μηδέποθʼ ἡμέραν μὲν ἐν ἐκείνοις τοῖς τόποις γίνεσθαι πρὶν ὁραθῆναι τὸν ἥλιον, ἐκ μέσου δὲ τοῦ πελάγους φασὶν ἀναφαινόμενον αὐτὸν ὁρᾶσθαι μὲν ἄνθρακι παραπλήσιον τῷ πυρωδεστάτῳ, σπινθῆρας δʼ ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ μεγάλους ἀπορρίπτειν, καὶ τῷ τύπῳ μὴ κωνοειδῆ φαίνεσθαι, καθάπερ ἡμεῖς δοξάζομεν, ἀλλὰ κίονι τὸν τύπον ἔχειν ἐμφερῆ, μικρὸν ἐμβριθεστέραν ἔχοντι τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐπιφάνειαν, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις μήτʼ αὐγὴν ποιεῖν μήτʼ ἀκτῖνας βάλλειν ἄχρι πρώτης ὥρας, φαινομένου πυρὸς ἀλαμποῦς ἐν σκότει· δευτέρας δʼ ἀρχομένης ἀσπιδοειδῆ γίνεσθαι καὶ τὸ φῶς βάλλειν ἀπότομον καὶ πυρῶδες καθʼ ὑπερβολήν.
Therefore, day never comes in those regions before the sun is seen, and they say that as it rises from the midst of the sea, it appears similar to the most glowing charcoal, and throws off large sparks from itself, and in its shape does not appear conical, as we suppose, but has a shape resembling a column, which has its surface from the top slightly wider. Furthermore, it neither produces brightness nor casts rays until the first hour, appearing as a lightless fire in the darkness; but as the second hour begins, it becomes shield-shaped and casts a sharp and exceedingly fiery light.
§3.48.4κατὰ δὲ τὴν δύσιν ἐναντία γίνεσθαι συμπτώματα περὶ αὐτόν· δοκεῖν γὰρ τοῖς ὁρῶσι καιναῖς ἀκτῖσι φωτίζειν τὸν κόσμον οὐκ ἔλαττον ὡρῶν δυοῖν, ὡς δʼ Ἀγαθαρχίδης ὁ Κνίδιος ἀνέγραψε, τριῶν.
At its setting, the opposite phenomena happen around it; for it seems to those who watch it to illuminate the world with strange rays for not less than two hours, or, as Agatharchides of Cnidus recorded, for three.
τοῦτον δὲ τὸν καιρὸν ἥδιστον τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις φαίνεσθαι, ταπεινουμένου τοῦ καύματος διὰ τὴν δύσιν τοῦ ἡλίου.
And this time appears most pleasant to the inhabitants, as the heat is lessened by the setting of the sun.
§3.48.5τῶν δʼ ἀνέμων ζέφυροι μὲν καὶ λίβες, ἔτι δʼ ἀργέσται καὶ εὖροι, πνέουσι καθάπερ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις· νότοι δὲ κατὰ μὲν Αἰθιοπίαν οὔτε πνέουσιν οὔτε γνωρίζονται τὸ σύνολον, κατὰ δὲ τὴν Τρωγλοδυτικὴν καὶ τὴν Ἀραβίαν θερμοὶ γίνονται καθʼ ὑπερβολήν, ὥστε καὶ τὰς ὕλας ἐκπυροῦν καὶ τῶν καταφευγόντων εἰς τὰς ἐν ταῖς καλύβαις σκιὰς ἐκλύειν τὰ σώματα.
As for the winds, the west and southwest winds, as well as the north-northwest and east winds, blow just as they do among other peoples; but south winds neither blow nor are known at all in Ethiopia, while in the land of the Troglodytes and in Arabia they become exceedingly hot, so that they even set the forests on fire and weaken the bodies of those who take refuge in the shade of their huts.
ὁ δὲ βορέας δικαίως ἂν ἄριστος νομίζοιτο, διικνούμενος εἰς πάντα τόπον τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ διαμένων ψυχρός.
But the north wind would justly be considered the best, reaching every place of the inhabited world and remaining cold.