§3.47.1οὐ μὴν ὀλόκληρον καὶ χωρὶς φθόνου τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἡ τύχη περιέθηκεν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς τηλικούτοις δωρήμασι παρέζευξε τὸ βλάπτον καὶ νουθετῆσον τοὺς διὰ τὴν συνέχειαν τῶν ἀγαθῶν εἰωθότας καταφρονεῖν τῶν θεῶν.
However, Fortune has not bestowed happiness upon mankind entire and free from envy, but has coupled with such great gifts that which is harmful and warning, for the sake of cautioning those who, through the continuous enjoyment of good things, are accustomed to despise the gods.
§3.47.2κατὰ γὰρ τοὺς εὐωδεστάτους δρυμοὺς ὄφεων ὑπάρχει πλῆθος, οἳ τὸ μὲν χρῶμα φοινικοῦν ἔχουσι, μῆκος δὲ σπιθαμῆς, δήγματα δὲ ποιοῦνται παντελῶς ἀνίατα· δάκνουσι δὲ προσπηδῶντες καὶ ἁλλόμενοι πρὸς ὕψος αἱμάττουσι τὸν χρῶτα.
For in the most fragrant forests there is a multitude of serpents, which are crimson in color, a span in length, and inflict bites that are altogether incurable; they bite by leaping and springing up high, and stain the skin with blood.
§3.47.3ἴδιον δέ τι παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις συμβαίνει περὶ τοὺς ἠσθενηκότας ὑπὸ μακρᾶς νόσου τὰ σώματα.
And a peculiar thing happens among the inhabitants in the case of those whose bodies have been weakened by long sickness.
διαπνεομένου γὰρ τοῦ σώματος ὑπʼ ἀκράτου καὶ τμητικῆς φύσεως, καὶ τῆς συγκρίσεως τῶν ὄγκων εἰς ἀραίωμα συναγομένης, ἔκλυσις ἐπακολουθεῖ δυσβοήθητος· διόπερ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἄσφαλτον παραθυμιῶσι καὶ τράγου πώγωνα, ταῖς ἐναντίαις φύσεσι καταμαχόμενοι τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς εὐωδίας.
For as the body is evaporated by the unmixed and penetrating nature of the scent, and the composition of the physical mass is reduced to extreme thinness, a weakness difficult to remedy follows; therefore, for such persons they burn asphalt and goat's beard as incense, combating the excess of the fragrance with these opposite natures.
τὸ γὰρ καλὸν ποσότητι μὲν καὶ τάξει μετρούμενον ὠφελεῖ καὶ τέρπει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἀναλογίας δὲ καὶ καθήκοντος καιροῦ διαμαρτὸν ἀνόνητον ἔχει τὴν δωρεάν.
For that which is good, when measured by quantity and order, benefits and delights men, but when it misses due proportion and the proper season, it renders the gift useless.
§3.47.4τοῦ δʼ ἔθνους τούτου μητρόπολίς ἐστιν ἣν καλοῦσι Σαβάς, ἐπʼ ὄρους ᾠκισμένη.
The metropolis of this nation is the city which they call Sabas, situated upon a mountain.
βασιλέας δʼ ἐκ γένους ἔχει τοὺς διαδεχομένους, οἷς τὰ πλήθη τιμὰς ἀπονέμει μεμιγμένας ἀγαθοῖς καὶ κακοῖς.
And it has kings who succeed by family lineage, to whom the multitudes accord honors mixed of good and bad.
μακάριον μὲν γὰρ βίον ἔχειν δοκοῦσιν, ὅτι πᾶσιν ἐπιτάττοντες οὐδένα λόγον ὑπέχουσι τῶν πραττομένων· ἀτυχεῖς δὲ νομίζονται καθʼ ὅσον οὐκ ἔξεστιν αὐτοῖς οὐδέποτε ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείων, εἰ δὲ μή, γίνονται λιθόλευστοι ὑπὸ τῶν ὄχλων κατά τινα χρησμὸν ἀρχαῖον.
For they seem to have a happy life, because commanding all, they render no account of what they do; but they are considered unfortunate in so far as it is never permitted for them to go out of the palace, and if they do, they are stoned to death by the crowds, according to a certain ancient oracle.
§3.47.5τοῦτο δὲ τὸ ἔθνος οὐ μόνον τῶν πλησιοχώρων Ἀράβων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων διαφέρει πλούτῳ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ταῖς κατὰ μέρος πολυτελείαις.
And this nation excels not only the neighboring Arabs, but also all other men in wealth and other forms of luxury in detail.
ἐν γὰρ ταῖς τῶν φορτίων ἀλλαγαῖς καὶ πράσεσιν ὄγκοις ἐλαχίστοις πλείστην ἀποφέρονται τιμὴν ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων τῶν ἀργυρικῆς ἀμείψεως ἕνεκα τὰς ἐμπορίας ποιουμένων.
For in the exchanges and sales of their goods, they carry away the greatest price of all men who carry on merchandise for the sake of silver exchange, in the smallest bulk.
§3.47.6διόπερ ἐξ αἰῶνος ἀπορθήτων αὐτῶν γεγενημένων διὰ τὸν ἐκτοπισμόν, καὶ χρυσοῦ τε καὶ ἀργύρου πλήθους ἐπικεκλυκότος παρʼ αὐτοῖς, καὶ μάλιστʼ ἐν Σαβαῖς, ἐν ᾗ τὰ βασίλεια κεῖται, τορεύματα μὲν ἀργυρᾶ τε καὶ χρυσᾶ παντοδαπῶν ἐκπωμάτων ἔχουσι, κλίνας δὲ καὶ τρίποδας ἀργυρόποδας, καὶ τὴν ἄλλην κατασκευὴν ἄπιστον τῇ πολυτελείᾳ, κιόνων τε ἁδρῶν περίστυλα, τὰ μὲν ἐπίχρυσα, τὰ δʼ ἀργυροειδεῖς τύπους ἐπὶ τῶν κιονοκράνων ἔχοντα.
Therefore, since they have remained unravaged from ancient times because of their remote location, and a great abundance of gold and silver has flooded among them, especially in Sabas, where the palace is situated, they possess silver and gold embossed works of all kinds of drinking cups, beds and tripods with silver feet, and other furniture incredible in its luxury, and porticoes of thick columns, some gilded, and others having silver-like reliefs upon their capitals.
§3.47.7τὰς δʼ ὀροφὰς καὶ θύρας χρυσαῖς φιάλαις λιθοκολλήτοις καὶ πυκναῖς διειληφότες ἅπασαν τὴν τῶν οἰκιῶν κατὰ μέρος οἰκοδομίαν πεποίηνται θαυμαστὴν ταῖς πολυτελείαις· τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀργύρου καὶ χρυσοῦ, τὰ δʼ ἐξ ἐλέφαντος καὶ τῶν διαπρεπεστάτων λίθων, ἔτι δὲ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τιμιωτάτων παρʼ ἀνθρώποις, §3.47.8κατεσκευάκασιν.
And having divided the ceilings and doors with close-set golden bowls inlaid with precious stones, they have made the entire construction of their houses in detail wonderful for its luxury; for some parts they have constructed of silver and gold, and others of ivory and the most outstanding stones, and furthermore, of the other things most precious among men.
ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὗτοι μὲν ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν ἀσάλευτον ἔσχον διὰ τὸ παντελῶς ἀπεξενῶσθαι τῶν διὰ τὴν ἰδίαν πλεονεξίαν ἕρμαιον ἡγουμένων τὸν ἀλλότριον πλοῦτον.
But indeed, these people have kept their prosperity undisturbed for a long time, because they are completely alienated from those who, through their own greed, consider the wealth of others a windfall.
ἡ δὲ κατὰ τούτους θάλαττα λευκὴ φαίνεται τὴν χρόαν, ὥσθʼ ἅμα θαυμάζειν τὸ παράδοξον καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τοῦ συμβαίνοντος ἐπιζητεῖν.
And the sea near them appears white in color, so that one wonders at the paradox and at the same time seeks the cause of what happens.
§3.47.9νῆσοι δʼ εὐδαίμονες πλησίον ὑπάρχουσιν, ἔχουσαι πόλεις ἀτειχίστους, ἐν αἷς τὰ βοσκήματα πάντα λευκὴν ἔχει τὴν χρόαν, καὶ τοῖς θήλεσιν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπιφύεται τὸ καθόλου κέρας.
And there are fertile islands nearby, having unwalled cities, in which all the flocks have a white color, and their females do not grow horns at all.
εἰς ταύτας δʼ ἔμποροι πάντοθεν καταπλέουσι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐκ Ποτάνας, ἣν Ἀλέξανδρος ᾤκισε παρὰ τὸν Ἰνδὸν ποταμόν, ναύσταθμον ἔχειν βουλόμενος τῆς παρὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν παραλίου.
To these islands merchants sail from all parts, and especially from Potana, which Alexander founded by the Indus river, wishing to have a naval station for the coast along the ocean.
περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς χώρας καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικούντων ἀρκεσθησόμεθα τοῖς εἰρημένοις.
Concerning the land, then, and those who inhabit it, we shall be satisfied with what has been said.