§2.58.1γυναῖκας δὲ μὴ γαμεῖν, ἀλλὰ κοινὰς ἔχειν, καὶ τοὺς γεννηθέντας παῖδας ὡς κοινοὺς τρέφοντας ἐπʼ ἴσης ἀγαπᾶν· νηπίων δʼ ὄντων αὐτῶν πολλάκις τὰς τρεφούσας διαλλάττειν τὰ βρέφη, ὅπως μηδʼ αἱ μητέρες ἐπιγινώσκωσι τοὺς ἰδίους.
And they do not marry wives, but have them in common, and rear the children who are born as common to all, loving them equally; and while they are still infants, the nurses often exchange the babies, so that not even the mothers can recognize their own.
διόπερ μηδεμιᾶς παρʼ αὐτοῖς γινομένης φιλοτιμίας ἀστασιάστους καὶ τὴν ὁμόνοιαν περὶ πλείστου ποιουμένους διατελεῖν.
Consequently, since no ambition arises among them, they continue free from factional strife and placing the highest value on harmony.
§2.58.2εἶναι δὲ παρʼ αὐτοῖς καὶ ζῷα, μικρὰ μὲν τοῖς μεγέθεσι, παράδοξα δὲ τῇ φύσει τοῦ σώματος καὶ τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ αἵματος· εἶναι γὰρ αὐτὰ τῷ σχήματι στρογγύλα καὶ παρεμφερέστατα ταῖς χελώναις, τὴν δʼ ἐπιφάνειαν δυσὶ γραμμαῖς μηλίναις κεχιασμένα, ἐφʼ ἑκάστης δὲ ἄκρας ἔχειν ὀφθαλμὸν καὶ στόμα· §2.58.3διὸ καὶ τέτταρσιν ὄμμασι βλέποντα καὶ τοῖς ἴσοις στόμασι χρώμενα εἰς ἕνα φάρυγα συνάγειν τὰ σιτία, καὶ διὰ τούτου καταπινομένης τῆς τροφῆς εἰς μίαν κοιλίαν συρρεῖν ἅπαντα· ὁμοίως δὲ τὰ σπλάγχνα καὶ τἄλλα τὰ ἐντὸς πάντα ἔχειν μοναχά.
There are also among them certain animals, small in size indeed, but marvelous in the nature of their body and the power of their blood; for they are round in shape and very similar to tortoises, and their surface is marked with a cross by two yellow lines, and at each end of the lines they have an eye and a mouth; wherefore, seeing with four eyes and using the same number of mouths, they gather their food into a single gullet, and when the food is swallowed through this, it all flows together into a single stomach; and in like manner their viscera and all other internal organs are single.
πόδας δὲ ὑποκεῖσθαι κύκλῳ τῆς περιφερείας πολλούς, διʼ ὧν δύνασθαι πορεύεσθαι πρὸς ὃ ἂν μέρος βούληται.
And many feet are located underneath around the circumference, by means of which they can travel in whatever direction they wish.
§2.58.4τὸ δʼ αἷμα τούτου τοῦ ζῴου θαυμάσιον ἔχειν δύναμιν· πᾶν γὰρ τὸ διατμηθὲν ἔμπνουν σῶμα κολλᾶν παραχρῆμα, κἂν ἀποκοπεῖσα χεὶρ ἢ ὅμοιον εἰπεῖν τύχῃ, διʼ αὐτοῦ κολλᾶσθαι προσφάτου τῆς τομῆς οὔσης, καὶ τἄλλα δὲ μέρη τοῦ σώματος, ὅσα μὴ κυρίοις τόποις καὶ συνέχουσι τὸ ζῆν κατέχεται.
The blood of this animal has a marvelous power; for it immediately glues together every living body that has been cut, and even if a hand or something similar happens to be cut off, it is glued back by means of this blood as long as the cut is fresh, and so also are the other parts of the body, as many as are not occupied by vital parts that sustain life.
§2.58.5ἕκαστον δὲ τῶν συστημάτων τρέφειν ὄρνεον εὐμέγεθες ἰδιάζον τῇ φύσει, καὶ διὰ τούτου πειράζεται τὰ νήπια τῶν βρεφῶν ποίας τινὰς ἔχει τὰς τῆς ψυχῆς διαθέσεις· ἀναλαμβάνουσι γὰρ αὐτὰ ἐπὶ τὰ ζῷα, καὶ τούτων πετομένων τὰ μὲν τὴν διὰ τοῦ ἀέρος φορὰν ὑπομένοντα τρέφουσι, τὰ δὲ περιναύτια γινόμενα καὶ θάμβους πληρούμενα ῥίπτουσιν, ὡς οὔτε πολυχρόνια καθεστῶτα οὔτε τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς τῆς ψυχῆς λήμασιν ἀξιόλογα.
And each of the communities rears a bird of great size and peculiar nature, and by means of this the infant babies are tested to see what sort of dispositions of soul they possess; for they place them upon the animals, and when these fly up, they rear those babies who endure the flight through the air, but those who become dizzy and are filled with terror they cast away, as being neither likely to live long nor of any value in the other qualities of their soul.
§2.58.6ἑκάστου δὲ συστήματος ὁ πρεσβύτερος ἀεὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἔχει, καθάπερ τις βασιλεύς, καὶ τούτῳ πάντες πείθονται· ὅταν δʼ ὁ πρῶτος τελέσας τὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα ἔτη κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἀπαλλάξῃ ἑαυτὸν τοῦ ζῆν, ὁ μετὰ τοῦτον πρεσβύτατος διαδέχεται τὴν ἡγεμονίαν.
In each community the eldest always holds the leadership, like a king, and all obey him; and when the leader, having completed his one hundred and fifty years, removes himself from life in accordance with the law, the one who is next oldest after him succeeds to the leadership.
§2.58.7ἡ δὲ περὶ τὴν νῆσον θάλαττα, ῥοώδης οὖσα καὶ μεγάλας ἀμπώτεις καὶ πλημύρας ποιουμένη, γλυκεῖα τὴν γεῦσιν καθέστηκε.
The sea around the island, although it is rough with currents and produces great ebbs and flows, is sweet to the taste.
τῶν δὲ παρʼ ἡμῖν ἄστρων τὰς ἄρκτους καὶ πολλὰ καθόλου μὴ φαίνεσθαι.
And of the stars in our sky, the Bears and many others are not visible at all.
ἑπτὰ δʼ ἦσαν αὗται νῆσοι παραπλήσιαι μὲν τοῖς μεγέθεσι, σύμμετρον δʼ ἀλλήλων διεστηκυῖαι, πᾶσαι δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ νόμοις χρώμεναι.
These islands were seven in number, very similar in size and lying at equal distances from one another, all of them using the same customs and laws.