§2.52.1οὐ μόνον δʼ ἐν ταύταις ταῖς χώραις ζῷα γεννᾶται ταῖς ἰδέαις ἐξηλλαγμένα διὰ τὴν ἀφʼ ἡλίου συνεργίαν καὶ δύναμιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ λίθων παντοίων ἐκφύσεις διάφοροι ταῖς χρόαις καὶ ταῖς λαμπρότησι διαφανεῖς.
And not only are animals bred in these lands, extraordinary in their forms because of the cooperation and power of the sun, but also there are different formations of all kinds of stones, transparent in their colors and luster.
§2.52.2τοὺς γὰρ κρυστάλλους λίθους ἔχειν τὴν σύστασιν ἐξ ὕδατος καθαροῦ παγέντος οὐχ ὑπὸ ψύχους, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ θείου πυρὸς δυνάμεως, δι’ ἣν ἀσήπτους μὲν αὐτοὺς διαμένειν, βαφῆναι δὲ πολυμόρφως ἀναθυμιάσει πνεύματος.
For they say that crystal stones have their composition from pure water solidified not by cold, but by the power of divine fire, through which they remain incorruptible, and are colored in manifold ways by the exhalation of vapor.
§2.52.3σμαράγδους γὰρ καὶ τὰ καλούμενα βηρύλλια κατὰ τὰς ἐν τοῖς χαλκουργείοις μεταλλείας γινόμενα διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν θείων βαφὴν καὶ σύνδεσιν συγχρῴζεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ χρυσολίθους ὑπὸ καπνώδους ἀναθυμιάσεως ἡλίου θερμότητι φυομένους λέγουσι τυγχάνειν τούτου τοῦ χρώματος.
For they say that emeralds and the so-called beryls, which are produced in the mines of copper-works, are colored through the dyeing and binding of sulfur, and that chrysolites, which are generated by a smoky exhalation through the heat of the sun, obtain this color.
§2.52.4διὸ καὶ τοὺς ὀνομαζομένους ψευδοχρύσους κατασκευάζεσθαι διὰ τοῦ θνητοῦ καὶ ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων γεγονότος πυρὸς βαπτομένων τῶν κρυστάλλων.
For this reason, they say, the so-called pseudochrysoi are also manufactured by means of the mortal fire created by humans, when crystals are dyed.
τὰς δὲ τῶν ἀνθράκων φύσεις φωτὸς δύναμιν ἐμπιληθεῖσαν τῇ πήξει φασὶν ἀποτελεῖν τῷ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον τὰς ἐν αὐτοῖς διαφοράς.
And they say that the nature of carbuncles is produced by the power of light compressed during solidification, which causes the differences among them according to the more and less.
§2.52.5παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ τὰς τῶν ὀρνέων μορφὰς ἐπιχρῴζεσθαι, τὰς μὲν ὁλοπορφύρους φαινομένας, τὰς δὲ κατὰ μέρος παντοίαις χρόαις διειλημμένας· τὰ μὲν γὰρ φλόγινα, τὰ δὲ κροκώδη, τινὰ δὲ σμαραγδίζοντα, πολλὰ δὲ χρυσοειδῆ φαίνεσθαι κατὰ τὰς πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἐγκλίσεις αὐτῶν, καὶ καθόλου πολυειδεῖς καὶ δυσερμηνεύτους ἀποτελεῖσθαι χρόας· ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κατʼ οὐρανὸν ἴριδος ὁρᾶσθαι γινόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὸν ἥλιον φωτός.
In like manner, they say, the forms of birds are also colored, some appearing entirely purple, others being variegated in parts with all kinds of colors; for some appear flame-colored, others saffron, some emerald-green, and many gold-like according to their inclinations toward the light, and on the whole, manifold and hard-to-describe colors are produced, a phenomenon which is also seen to occur in the case of the rainbow in the sky because of the light around the sun.
§2.52.6ἐκ δὲ τούτων τοὺς φυσιολόγους συλλογιζομένους ἀποφαίνεσθαι διότι καὶ τὴν ἄνωθεν τῆς τῶν προειρημένων ἐκφύσεως ποικιλίαν ἔβαψεν ὁ συγγενὴς θερμασία, συνεργήσαντος ἡλίου τοῦ ζωοποιοῦντος τὰς ἑκάστων μορφάς.
And from these facts, they say, the natural philosophers, drawing conclusions, declare that the inborn heat, with the cooperation of the sun which gives life to the forms of each, colored the variety on the surface of the aforementioned products.
§2.52.7καθόλου δὲ καὶ τῆς περὶ τὰ ἄνθη διαφορᾶς τῆς χρόας καὶ τῆς τῆς γῆς ποικιλίας τοῦτον ὑπάρχειν αἴτιον καὶ δημιουργόν· οὗ τὴν φυσικὴν ἐνέργειαν τὰς θνητὰς τέχνας μιμησαμένας βάπτειν ἕκαστα καὶ ποικίλλειν, §2.52.8μαθητρίας γενομένας τῆς φύσεως.
And in general, they say that this is the cause and craftsman of both the difference in the color of flowers and the variety of the earth; and that mortal arts, by imitating its natural activity, dye and variegate each thing, having become disciples of nature.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ χρώματα τὸ φῶς ἀπεργάζεσθαι, τὰς δὲ ὀσμὰς τῶν καρπῶν καὶ τὰς ἰδιότητας τῶν χυλῶν, ἔτι δὲ τὰ μεγέθη τῶν ζῴων καὶ τὰς ἑκάστου διαθέσεις, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὰς τῆς γῆς ἰδιότητας, γεννᾶν τὴν περὶ τὸν ἥλιον θερμασίαν, εἰς πολυτραφῆ χώραν καὶ γόνιμον ὕδωρ ἐνθάλπουσαν καὶ δημιουργὸν γινομένην τῆς ἑκάστου φύσεως.
For they say that while light produces colors, the heat around the sun generates the odors of fruits and the properties of juices, and furthermore the sizes of animals and the dispositions of each, and in addition to these the properties of the earth, by warming them in a highly nourishing land and fertile water, thus becoming the creator of the nature of each.
§2.52.9διόπερ οὔτε ἡ Παρία λύγδος οὔτʼ ἄλλη θαυμαζομένη πέτρα τοῖς Ἀραβίοις λίθοις ἐξισωθῆναι δύναται, ὧν λαμπροτάτη μὲν ἡ λευκότης, βαρύτατος δὲ ὁ σταθμός, ἡ δὲ λειότης ὑπερβολὴν ἑτέροις οὐκ ἀπολείπουσα.
For this reason, neither Parian lygdos nor any other admired stone can be compared to the Arabian stones, of which the whiteness is most brilliant, the weight most heavy, and the smoothness leaves no room for others to surpass.
αἰτία δὲ τῆς χώρας τῆς κατὰ μέρος ἰδιότητος, καθάπερ προεῖπον, ἡ περὶ τὸν ἥλιον δύναμις, θερμασίᾳ μὲν πήξασα, ξηρότητι δὲ πιλήσασα, φέγγει δὲ λαμπρύνασα.
And the cause of the specific character of the region is, as I said before, the power around the sun, which solidified things by heat, compressed them by dryness, and made them brilliant by light.