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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.51.1-2.51.4

Giraffes and Hybrid Beasts Born of the Sun

Passage 151 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The author describes various unusual hybrid animals, such as the giraffe, explaining that these diverse species are generated by the life-giving warmth and influence of the sun in the southern regions.

§2.51.1αἱ δὲ καλούμεναι καμηλοπαρδάλεις τὴν μίξιν ἀμφοτέρων ἔχουσι τῶν ἐν τῇ προσηγορίᾳ περιειλημμένων ζῴων.
And the so-called camelopards possess a mixture of both animals included in their name.
τῷ μὲν γὰρ μεγέθει μικρότεραι τῶν καμήλων εἰσὶ καὶ βραχυτραχηλότεραι, τὴν δὲ κεφαλὴν καὶ τὴν τῶν ὀμμάτων διάθεσιν παρδάλει παρεμφερεῖς διατετύπωνται· τὸ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ῥάχιν κύρτωμα παρεμφερὲς ἔχουσαι καμήλῳ, τῷ χρώματι καὶ τῇ τριχώσει παρδάλεσιν ἐοίκασιν· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὴν οὐρὰν μακρὰν ἔχουσαι τὴν τοῦ θηρίου φύσιν ἀποτυποῦνται.
For in size they are smaller than camels and shorter-necked, but in their head and the arrangement of their eyes they are shaped very like a leopard; and while they have the hump on their back similar to a camel, in color and hair they resemble leopards; and likewise, having a long tail, they mirror the nature of that wild beast.
§2.51.2γίνονται δὲ καὶ τραγέλαφοι καὶ βούβαλοι καὶ ἄλλα πλείω γένη δίμορφα ζῴων καὶ τὴν σύνθεσιν ἐκ τῶν πλεῖστον τὴν φύσιν κεχωρισμένων ἔχοντα, περὶ ὧν τὰ κατὰ μέρος μακρὸν ἂν εἴη γράφειν.
There are also bred hircocervi, bubalises, and several other kinds of dimorphous animals which have their composition from those whose natures are most widely separated, concerning which it would be a long task to write in detail.
§2.51.3δοκεῖ γὰρ ἡ συνεγγίζουσα χώρα τῇ μεσημβρίᾳ τὴν ἀφʼ ἡλίου δύναμιν ζωτικωτάτην οὖσαν πολλὴν ἐμπνεῖσθαι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πολλῶν καὶ ποικίλων, ἔτι δὲ καλῶν ζῴων φύσεις γεννᾶν.
For it seems that the land which lies close to the south is breathed upon by a great amount of the sun's influence, which is most life-giving, and for this reason it generates the natures of many diverse and, moreover, beautiful animals.
§2.51.4διὰ δὲ τὰς αὐτὰς αἰτίας κατὰ μὲν τὴν Αἴγυπτον τούς τε κροκοδείλους φύεσθαι καὶ τοὺς ποταμίους ἵππους, κατὰ δὲ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν καὶ τὴν τῆς Λιβύης ἔρημον ἐλεφάντων τε πλῆθος καὶ παντοδαπῶν ὄφεών τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων θηρίων καὶ δρακόντων ἐξηλλαγμένων τοῖς τε μεγέθεσι καὶ ταῖς ἀλκαῖς, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοὺς περὶ τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἐλέφαντας, ὑπερβάλλοντας τοῖς τε ὄγκοις καὶ πλήθεσιν, ἔτι δὲ ταῖς ἀλκαῖς.
And for the same reasons, in Egypt are bred both crocodiles and river-horses, and in Ethiopia and the desert of Libya a multitude of elephants and all kinds of serpents and other wild beasts and dragons, extraordinary in both their size and strength; and likewise also the elephants of India, which surpass all others in bulk, number, and strength.

Notes

  1. §2.51.1παρδάλει — Dative case depending on the adjective παρεμφερεῖς ('similar to'), expressing 'closely resembling a leopard in their head and the arrangement of their eyes.'
  2. §2.51.2μακρὸν ἂν εἴη — The potential construction of ἄν with the optative (εἴη), serving as an impersonal expression meaning 'it would be long [to write in detail],' without an explicit conditional clause.
  3. §2.51.3πολλὴν ἐμπνεῖσθαι — The verb ἐμπνέω in the active voice means 'to breathe into.' In the passive voice (ἐμπνέομαι), the target becomes the subject, while the substance breathed in (τὴν ... δύναμιν) remains in the accusative case (retained accusative), meaning 'is breathed upon by a great amount of [the sun's influence].'
  4. §2.51.4φύεσθαι — The infinitive depending on the main verb δοκεῖ ('it seems / is believed') from the preceding section. All the accusative and infinitive clauses listed in section 4 (including φύεσθαι and those following ἐλέφαντας with omitted predicates) are governed by this verb δοκεῖ.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.51.1-2.51.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.51.1-2.51.4

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