§2.38.1τὴν δʼ ὅλην Ἰνδικὴν οὖσαν ὑπερμεγέθη λέγεται κατοικεῖν ἔθνη πολλὰ καὶ παντοδαπά, καὶ τούτων μηδὲν ἔχειν τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς γένεσιν ἔπηλυν, ἀλλὰ πάντα δοκεῖν ὑπάρχειν αὐτόχθονα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις μήτε ξενικὴν ἀποικίαν προσδέχεσθαι πώποτε μήτʼ εἰς ἀλλοεθνεῖς ἀπεσταλκέναι.
It is said that many and diverse nations inhabit the whole of India, which is of immense size, and that none of these has an immigrant origin from the beginning, but all are considered to be indigenous; and furthermore, that they have never received a foreign colony nor sent one out to other nations.
§2.38.2μυθολογοῦσι δὲ τοὺς ἀρχαιοτάτους ἀνθρώπους τροφαῖς μὲν κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς αὐτομάτως φυομένοις ἐκ τῆς γῆς καρποῖς, ἐσθῆσι δὲ ταῖς δοραῖς τῶν ἐγχωρίων ζῴων, καθάπερ καὶ παρʼ Ἕλλησιν.
They relate that the earliest human beings used for food the fruits that grow spontaneously from the earth, and for clothing the skins of the native animals, just as was the case among the Greeks.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τῶν τεχνῶν τὰς εὑρέσεις καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν πρὸς βίον χρησίμων ἐκ τοῦ κατʼ ὀλίγον γενέσθαι, τῆς χρείας αὐτῆς ὑφηγουμένης εὐφυεῖ ζῴῳ καὶ συνεργοὺς ἔχοντι πρὸς ἅπαντα χεῖρας καὶ λόγον καὶ ψυχῆς ἀγχίνοιαν.
In like manner, they say that the discoveries of the arts and of the other things useful for life came about gradually, as necessity itself pointed the way and guided a creature naturally well-endowed, which has as helpers for all things its hands, speech, and quickness of mind.
§2.38.3μυθολογοῦσι δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Ἰνδοῖς οἱ λογιώτατοι, περὶ οὗ καθῆκον ἂν εἴη συντόμως διελθεῖν.
The most learned among the Indians relate a myth, which it would be appropriate to recount briefly.
φασὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἀρχαιοτάτοις χρόνοις, παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἔτι τῶν ἀνθρώπων κωμηδὸν οἰκούντων, παραγενέσθαι τὸν Διόνυσον ἐκ τῶν πρὸς ἑσπέραν τόπων ἔχοντα δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον· ἐπελθεῖν δὲ τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἅπασαν, μηδεμιᾶς οὔσης ἀξιολόγου πόλεως δυναμένης ἀντιτάξασθαι.
For they say that in the earliest times, when men still lived in villages among them, Dionysus arrived from the regions towards the west with a notable force; and he overran the whole of India, since there was no notable city capable of opposing him.
§2.38.4ἐπιγενομένων δὲ καυμάτων μεγάλων, καὶ τῶν τοῦ Διονύσου στρατιωτῶν λοιμικῇ νόσῳ διαφθειρομένων, συνέσει διαφέροντα τὸν ἡγεμόνα τοῦτον ἀπαγαγεῖν τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐκ τῶν πεδινῶν τόπων εἰς τὴν ὀρεινήν· ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ πνεόντων ψυχρῶν ἀνέμων καὶ τῶν ναματιαίων ὑδάτων καθαρῶν ῥεόντων πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς πηγαῖς, ἀπαλλαγῆναι τῆς νόσου τὸ στρατόπεδον.
But when intense heat set in and the soldiers of Dionysus were being destroyed by a pestilence, this leader, outstanding in his intelligence, led his army away from the plains into the mountainous country; and here, since cool winds blew and pure spring waters flowed near their very sources, the army was rid of the disease.
ὀνομάζεσθαι δὲ τῆς ὀρεινῆς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον Μηρόν, καθʼ ὃν ὁ Διόνυσος ἐξέτρεψε τὰς δυνάμεις ἐκ τῆς νόσου· ἀφʼ οὗ δὴ καὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου παραδεδωκέναι τοῖς μεταγενεστέροις τεθράφθαι τὸν Διόνυσον ἐν μηρῷ.
This place in the mountainous region, where Dionysus restored his forces from the pestilence, was called Meros; and it is for this very reason that the Greeks have handed down to posterity concerning this god the tradition that Dionysus was nurtured in a thigh.
§2.38.5μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῆς παραθέσεως τῶν καρπῶν ἐπιμεληθέντα μεταδιδόναι τοῖς Ἰνδοῖς, καὶ τὴν εὕρεσιν τοῦ οἴνου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν εἰς τὸν βίον χρησίμων παραδοῦναι.
After this, having taken care of the storage of fruits, he shared them with the Indians, and handed down to them the discovery of wine and of the other things useful for life.
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις πόλεών τε ἀξιολόγων γενηθῆναι κτίστην, μεταγαγόντα τὰς κώμας εἰς τοὺς εὐθέτους τόπους, τιμᾶν τε καταδεῖξαι τὸ θεῖον καὶ νόμους εἰσηγήσασθαι καὶ δικαστήρια, καθόλου δὲ πολλῶν καὶ καλῶν ἔργων εἰσηγητὴν γενόμενον θεὸν νομισθῆναι καὶ τυχεῖν ἀθανάτων τιμῶν.
Furthermore, he became the founder of notable cities by moving the villages to suitable places, and he established the worship of the deity and introduced laws and courts of justice; in short, having become the originator of many noble achievements, he was regarded as a god and obtained immortal honors.
§2.38.6ἱστοροῦσι δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ γυναικῶν πλῆθος μετὰ τοῦ στρατοπέδου περιάγεσθαι, καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις παρατάξεις τυμπάνοις καὶ κυμβάλοις κεχρῆσθαι, μήπω σάλπιγγος εὑρημένης.
They also relate that he carried about with his army a multitude of women, and that in his battles during wars he made use of drums and cymbals, since the trumpet had not yet been invented.
βασιλεύσαντα δὲ πάσης τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἔτη δύο πρὸς τοῖς πεντήκοντα γήρᾳ τελευτῆσαι.
After reigning over the whole of India for fifty-two years, he died of old age.
διαδεξαμένους δὲ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἀεὶ τοῖς ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν ἀπολιπεῖν τὴν ἀρχήν· τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον πολλαῖς γενεαῖς ὕστερον καταλυθείσης τῆς ἡγεμονίας δημοκρατηθῆναι τὰς πόλεις.
His sons, succeeding to the leadership, always left the power to their own descendants; but at last, many generations later, the sovereignty having been dissolved, the cities adopted democratic forms of government.