§2.36.1ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἡ πολυκαρπία τρέφουσα τοῖς τε ἀναστήμασι τῶν σωμάτων καὶ τοῖς ὄγκοις ὑπερφέροντας κατασκευάζει· εἶναι δʼ αὐτοὺς συμβαίνει καὶ πρὸς τὰς τέχνας ἐπιστήμονας, ὡς ἂν ἀέρα μὲν ἕλκοντας καθαρόν, ὕδωρ δὲ λεπτομερέστατον πίνοντας.
In the same way, the abundant fertility of the soil, by nourishing the inhabitants, renders them superior in the stature and mass of their bodies; and it also happens that they are skilled in the arts, as they inhale clean air and drink the finest water.
§2.36.2ἡ δὲ γῆ πάμφορος οὖσα τοῖς ἡμέροις καρποῖς ἔχει καὶ φλέβας καταγείους πολλῶν καὶ παντοδαπῶν μετάλλων· γίνεται γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ πολὺς μὲν ἄργυρος καὶ χρυσός, οὐκ ὀλίγος δὲ χαλκὸς καὶ σίδηρος, ἔτι δὲ καττίτερος καὶ τἄλλα τὰ πρὸς κόσμον τε καὶ χρείαν καὶ πολεμικὴν παρασκευὴν ἀνήκοντα.
The earth, being all-bearing with respect to cultivated crops, also has underground veins of many and diverse metals; for there is produced in it much silver and gold, no small amount of copper and iron, and furthermore tin and the other things that contribute to ornament, utility, and military preparation.
§2.36.3χωρὶς δὲ τῶν δημητριακῶν καρπῶν φύεται κατὰ τὴν Ἰνδικὴν πολλὴ μὲν κέγχρος, ἀρδευομένη τῇ τῶν ποταμίων ναμάτων δαψιλείᾳ, πολὺ δʼ ὄσπριον καὶ διάφορον, ἔτι δʼ ὄρυζα καὶ ὁ προσαγορευόμενος βόσπορος, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἄλλα πολλὰ τῶν πρὸς διατροφὴν χρησίμων· καὶ τούτων τὰ πολλὰ ὑπάρχει αὐτοφυῆ.
Apart from the cereal crops, there grows in India much millet, irrigated by the abundance of river waters, and many excellent pulse crops, as well as rice and what is called "bosporos," and after these many other things useful for sustenance; and most of these exist of their own accord.
οὐκ ὀλίγους δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ἐδωδίμους καρποὺς φέρει δυναμένους τρέφειν ζῷα, περὶ ὧν μακρὸν ἂν εἴη γράφειν.
It also bears no small number of other edible fruits capable of nourishing animals, about which it would be tedious to write.
§2.36.4διὸ καί φασι μηδέποτε τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἐπισχεῖν λιμὸν ἢ καθόλου σπάνιν τῶν πρὸς τροφὴν ἥμερον ἀνηκόντων.
Therefore, they say that famine never oppresses India, nor any general scarcity of things belonging to cultivated food.
διττῶν γὰρ ὄμβρων ἐν αὐτῇ γινομένων καθʼ ἕκαστον ἔτος, τοῦ μὲν χειμερινοῦ, καθὰ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὁ σπόρος τῶν πυρίνων γίνεται καρπῶν, τοῦ δʼ ἑτέρου κατὰ τὴν θερινὴν τροπὴν σπείρεσθαι συμβαίνει τὴν ὄρυζαν καὶ τὸν βόσπορον, ἔτι δὲ σήσαμον καὶ κέγχρον· κατὰ δὲ τὸ πλεῖστον ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς καρποῖς οἱ κατὰ τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἐπιτυγχάνουσι, πάντων δέ, τελεσφορουμένων θατέρου τῶν καρπῶν, οὐκ ἀποτυγχάνουσιν.
For since two rains occur in it each year, one in winter, as among other peoples, when the sowing of wheat crops takes place, and the other at the summer solstice, when it happens that rice and "bosporos," and furthermore sesame and millet, are sown; and for the most part the inhabitants of India succeed with both harvests, and if not, they do not fail entirely, since at least one of the crops comes to maturity.
§2.36.5οἵ τε αὐτοματίζοντες καρποὶ καὶ αἱ κατὰ τοὺς ἑλώδεις τόπους φυόμεναι ῥίζαι διάφοροι ταῖς γλυκύτησιν οὖσαι πολλὴν παρέχονται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δαψίλειαν· πάντα γὰρ σχεδὸν τὰ κατὰ τὴν χώραν πεδία γλυκεῖαν ἔχει τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ποταμῶν ἰκμάδα καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ὄμβρων τῶν ἐν τῷ θέρει κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν κυκλικῇ τινι περιόδῳ παραδόξως εἰωθότων γίνεσθαι δαψίλειαν, χλιαρῶν πιπτόντων ὑδάτων ἐκ τοῦ περιέχοντος ἀέρος, καὶ τὰς ἐν τοῖς ἕλεσι ῥίζας ἕψοντος τοῦ καύματος, καὶ μάλιστα τῶν μεγάλων καλάμων.
Both the fruits that grow spontaneously and the roots that grow in marshy places, being distinguished for their sweetness, provide great abundance for the people; for almost all the plains in the country have a sweet moisture from the rivers and from the rains which are accustomed to occur in summer every year by a certain cyclical period in a wonderful abundance, warm waters falling from the surrounding air, and the heat cooking the roots in the marshes, especially those of the large reeds.
§2.36.6συμβάλλονται δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Ἰνδοῖς καὶ τὰ νόμιμα πρὸς τὸ μηδέποτε ἔνδειαν τροφῆς παρʼ αὐτοῖς εἶναι· παρὰ μὲν γὰρ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις οἱ πολέμιοι καταφθείροντες τὴν χώραν ἀγεώργητον κατασκευάζουσι, παρὰ δὲ τούτοις τῶν γεωργῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀσύλων ἐωμένων, οἱ πλησίον τῶν παρατάξεων γεωργοῦντες ἀνεπαίσθητοι τῶν κινδύνων εἰσίν.
The customs of the Indians also contribute to the fact that there is never a lack of food among them; for while among other nations the enemies lay waste the land and make it uncultivated, among them, since the farmers are left sacred and inviolable, those who farm near the battle arrays are insensible to the dangers.
§2.36.7ἀμφότεροι γὰρ οἱ πολεμοῦντες ἀλλήλους μὲν ἀποκτείνουσιν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, τοὺς δὲ περὶ τὴν γεωργίαν ὄντας ἐῶσιν ἀβλαβεῖς, ὡς κοινοὺς ὄντας ἁπάντων εὐεργέτας, τάς τε χώρας τῶν ἀντιπολεμούντων οὔτʼ ἐμπυρίζουσιν οὔτε δενδροτομοῦσιν.
For both warring parties kill one another in battle, but they leave those engaged in agriculture unharmed, as being common benefactors of all, and they neither burn the lands of their opponents nor cut down their trees.