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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.28.1-2.28.8

Pardon of Belesys and the Fall of the Assyrian Empire

Passage 128 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The new king Arbaces was deceived by Belesys, who had predicted his kingship, into allowing him to carry away the ashes of the palace containing hidden gold and silver, but when the fraud was discovered, Arbaces generously pardoned him. Subsequently, Arbaces razed the city, bringing an end to the Assyrian empire which had endured for thirty generations and over thirteen hundred years.

§2.28.1ἔνθα δὴ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῖς συναγωνισαμένοις στρατηγοῖς δωρεάς τε διαδόντος κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν καὶ σατράπας ἐθνῶν καθιστάντος, προσελθὼν αὐτῷ Βέλεσυς ὁ Βαβυλώνιος, ὁ προειπὼν ὅτι βασιλεὺς ἔσται τῆς Ἀσίας, τῆς τε εὐεργεσίας ὑπέμνησε καὶ τὴν Βαβυλῶνος ἀρχὴν ἠξίου δοῦναι, καθάπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπέσχετο.
Thereupon, while the king was distributing gifts to the generals who had fought alongside him according to their merit and was appointing satraps over the nations, Belesys the Babylonian, who had previously predicted that he would be king of Asia, came to him and reminded him of his good service and requested that he grant him the governorship of Babylon, just as he had promised from the beginning.
§2.28.2ἀπεφαίνετο δὲ καὶ κατὰ τοὺς κινδύνους ἑαυτὸν εὐχὴν πεποιῆσθαι τῷ Βήλῳ Σαρδαναπάλλου κρατηθέντος καὶ τῶν βασιλείων ἐμπυρισθέντων ἀποκομιεῖν τὴν σποδὸν τὴν ἐκ τούτων εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ πλησίον τοῦ τεμένους τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ καταθέμενον χῶμα κατασκευάσειν τὸ παρεξόμενον τοῖς κατὰ τὸν Εὐφράτην πλέουσιν ἀθάνατον ὑπόμνημα τοῦ καταλύσαντος τὴν Ἀσσυρίων ἀρχήν.
He also declared that during the dangers of the war he had made a vow to Belus that, if Sardanapallus were defeated and the palace burned down, he would carry away the ashes from these to Babylon, and, having deposited them near the sacred precinct of the god and the river, would construct a mound which would provide for those sailing along the Euphrates an immortal monument to the one who had destroyed the Assyrian empire.
§2.28.3τοῦτο δʼ ᾐτεῖτο πυθόμενος τινος εὐνούχου τὰ περὶ τὸν ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσόν, ὃν διαδράντα καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν αὐτομολήσαντα κατέκρυψεν.
He made this request because he had learned from a certain eunuch about the silver and gold, whom he had hidden when the eunuch had run away and deserted to him.
§2.28.4ὁ δʼ Ἀρβάκης τούτων οὐδὲν εἰδὼς διὰ τὸ πάντας τοὺς ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις συγκατακαῆναι τῷ βασιλεῖ, τήν τε σποδὸν ἀποκομίσαι καὶ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα ἔχειν ἀτελῆ συνεχώρησεν.
Arbaces, knowing nothing of these things because everyone in the palace had been burned together with the king, permitted him both to carry away the ashes and to hold Babylon free of tribute.
εἶθʼ ὁ μὲν Βέλεσυς πλοῖα παραστησάμενος μετὰ τῆς σποδοῦ τὸ πλεῖστον τοῦ τε ἀργύρου καὶ τοῦ χρυσοῦ συντόμως ἀπέστειλεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα· ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς, μηνυθείσης αὐτῷ τῆς πράξεως αὐτοφώρου, δικαστὰς ἀπέδειξε τοὺς συναγωνισαμένους στρατηγούς.
Then Belesys, having provided ships, quickly sent the greater part of both the silver and the gold along with the ashes to Babylon; but when the deed was openly disclosed to the king, he appointed the generals who had fought alongside him as judges.
§2.28.5τοῦ πράξαντος δʼ ὁμολογοῦντος ἀδικεῖν, τὸ μὲν δικαστήριον αὐτοῦ θάνατον κατέγνω, ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς, μεγαλόψυχος ὢν καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ἡγεμονίας βουλόμενος ἐπιεικῆ παρέχεσθαι, τῶν τε κινδύνων ἀπέλυσε τὸν Βέλεσυν καὶ τὸν ἀποκεκομισμένον ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσὸν ἔχειν συνεχώρησεν· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς δοθεῖσαν ἐξουσίαν τῆς Βαβυλῶνος οὐκ ἀφείλετο, φήσας μείζονας εἶναι τὰς ἐξ αὐτοῦ προγεγενημένας εὐεργεσίας τῶν ὕστερον ἀδικημάτων.
And since the doer confessed that he had done wrong, the court condemned him to death, but the king, being magnanimous and wishing to make the beginning of his rule merciful, released Belesys from the danger of death and permitted him to keep the silver and gold that had been carried away; likewise, he did not strip him of the authority over Babylon which had been given from the beginning, saying that his previous benefits were greater than his subsequent wrongdoings.
§2.28.6διαβοηθείσης δὲ τῆς ἐπιεικείας οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν εὔνοιαν ἅμα καὶ δόξαν παρὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀπηνέγκατο, πάντων κρινόντων ἄξιον εἶναι τῆς βασιλείας τὸν οὕτω προσενεχθέντα τοῖς ἀδικήσασιν.
When his mercy was widely spoken of, he won no ordinary goodwill and at the same time fame from the nations, since all judged that a man who had behaved in such a manner toward those who had done wrong was worthy of the kingship.
§2.28.7ὁ δʼ οὖν Ἀρβάκης τοῖς κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ἐπιεικῶς προσενεχθεὶς αὐτοὺς μὲν κατὰ κώμας διῴκισε, τὰς ἰδίας κτήσεις ἑκάστοις ἀποδούς, τὴν δὲ πόλιν εἰς ἔδαφος κατέσκαψεν.
At all events, Arbaces, having behaved mercifully toward those in the city, settled them in villages, returning to each their own possessions, but he razed the city to the ground.
ἔπειτα τόν τε ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσὸν τὸν ἐκ τῆς πυρᾶς ὑπολειφθέντα πολλῶν ὄντα ταλάντων ἀπεκόμισε τῆς Μηδίας εἰς Ἐκβάτανα.
Then he carried away the silver and gold left over from the pyre, which amounted to many talents, to Ecbatana in Media.
§2.28.8ἡ μὲν οὖν ἡγεμονία τῶν Ἀσσυρίων ἀπὸ Νίνου διαμείνασα τριάκοντα μὲν γενεάς, ἔτη δὲ πλείω τῶν χιλίων καὶ τριακοσίων, ὑπὸ Μήδων κατελύθη τὸν προειρημένον τρόπον.
Thus the empire of the Assyrians, having endured from Ninus for thirty generations, and for more than one thousand three hundred years, was destroyed by the Medes in the manner described above.

Notes

  1. 2.28.2Σαρδαναπάλλου κρατηθέντος καὶ τῶν βασιλείων ἐμπυρισθέντων — Genitive absolute construction with nouns and participles in the genitive. In this context, it functions as a conditional clause contained within the vow (εὐχὴν πεποιῆσθαι) made to Belus, meaning 'if Sardanapallus were defeated and the palace burned down'.
  2. 2.28.3πυθόμενος τινος εὐνούχου — Participle of the verb πυνθάνομαι meaning 'to learn, hear'. This verb takes the source (person) from whom information is obtained in the genitive (τινος εὐνούχου) and the object of information in the accusative (τὰ περὶ τὸν ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσόν).
  3. 2.28.3ὃν διαδράντα καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν αὐτομολήσαντα κατέκρυψεν — The relative pronoun ὃν (with εὐνούχου as its antecedent) is the direct object of the verb κατέκρυψεν in the relative clause, and the two accusative participles διαδράντα (having run away) and αὐτομολήσαντα (having deserted) both modify this ὃν, describing its circumstances.
  4. 2.28.5τῶν τε κινδύνων — Governed by the verb ἀπολύω meaning 'to release, free'. The object of separation or release is put in the genitive (τῶν τε κινδύνων). While literally meaning 'from dangers', here it refers to the 'danger of death' or 'punishment' expected as a result of the trial.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.28.1-2.28.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.28.1-2.28.8

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