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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.27.1-2.27.3

Collapse of the Wall and the Suicide of Sardanapallus

Passage 127 of 406 · Greek

Summary

During the prolonged siege, in the third year, heavy rains caused the river Euphrates to flood and destroy part of the city wall; recognizing the oracle's fulfillment, King Sardanapallus committed suicide by fire, after which the rebels captured the city and proclaimed Arbaces king.

§2.27.1οἱ δʼ ἀποστάται τοῖς προτερήμασιν ἐπαρθέντες προσέκειντο μὲν τῇ πολιορκίᾳ, διὰ δὲ τὴν ὀχυρότητα τῶν τειχῶν οὐδὲν ἠδύναντο βλάψαι τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει· πετροβόλοι γὰρ ἢ χελῶναι χωστρίδες ἢ κριοὶ πρὸς ἀνατροπὴν μεμηχανημένοι τειχῶν οὔπω κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς καιροὺς εὕρηντο.
The rebels, elated by their previous successes, pressed hard on the siege, but because of the strength of the walls, they were unable to do any harm to those in the city; for stone-throwers or "tortoises" for filling ditches or battering rams designed for overturning walls had not yet been invented in those times.
τῶν δʼ ἐπιτηδείων ἁπάντων οἱ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν πολλὴν εἶχον δαψίλειαν, προνενοημένου τοῦ βασιλέως τούτου τοῦ μέρους.
On the other hand, those in the city had a great abundance of all necessary provisions, the king having previously provided for this part.
διὸ καὶ χρονιζούσης τῆς πολιορκίας ἐπʼ ἔτη μὲν δύο προσέκειντο προσβολὰς ποιούμενοι τοῖς τείχεσι καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ἐξόδου τοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως εἴργοντες· τῷ τρίτῳ δʼ ἔτει συνεχῶς ὄμβρων μεγάλων καταρραγέντων συνέβη τὸν Εὐφράτην μέγαν γενόμενον κατακλύσαι τε μέρος τῆς πόλεως καὶ καταβαλεῖν τὸ τεῖχος ἐπὶ σταδίους εἴκοσιν.
Therefore, while the siege dragged on, for two years they pressed on making attacks against the walls and preventing those in the city from going out into the countryside; but in the third year, since heavy rains broke out continuously, it happened that the Euphrates, becoming swollen, flooded a part of the city and threw down the wall for a distance of twenty stades.
§2.27.2ἐνταῦθα ὁ βασιλεὺς νομίσας τετελέσθαι τὸν χρησμὸν καὶ τῇ πόλει τὸν ποταμὸν γεγονέναι φανερῶς πολέμιον, ἀπέγνω τὴν σωτηρίαν.
Thereupon the king, believing that the oracle was fulfilled and that the river had manifestly become an enemy to the city, gave up all hope of safety.
ἵνα δὲ μὴ τοῖς πολεμίοις ὑποχείριος γένηται, πυρὰν ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις κατεσκεύασεν ὑπερμεγέθη, καὶ τόν τε χρυσὸν καὶ τὸν ἄργυρον ἅπαντα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὴν βασιλικὴν ἐσθῆτα πᾶσαν ἐπὶ ταύτην ἐσώρευσε, τὰς δὲ παλλακίδας καὶ τοὺς εὐνούχους συγκλείσας εἰς τὸν ἐν μέσῃ τῇ πυρᾷ κατεσκευασμένον οἶκον ἅμα τούτοις ἅπασιν ἑαυτόν τε καὶ τὰ βασίλεια κατέκαυσεν.
And in order that he might not fall into the hands of the enemy, he constructed a huge pyre in the palace, and piled upon it all his gold and silver, and in addition to these, all the royal raiment, and having shut up his concubines and eunuchs in the chamber constructed in the midst of the pyre, he burned himself and the palace down together with all of them.
§2.27.3οἱ δʼ ἀποστάται πυθόμενοι τὴν ἀπώλειαν τὴν Σαρδαναπάλλου, τῆς μὲν πόλεως ἐκράτησαν εἰσπεσόντες κατὰ τὸ πεπτωκὸς μέρος τοῦ τείχους, τὸν δʼ Ἀρβάκην ἐνδύσαντες τὴν βασιλικὴν στολὴν προσηγόρευσαν βασιλέα, καὶ τὴν τῶν ὅλων ἐξουσίαν ἐπέτρεψαν.
The rebels, having learned of the destruction of Sardanapallus, became masters of the city by rushing in through the fallen part of the wall, and having clothed Arbaces in the royal robe, proclaimed him king and entrusted him with supreme authority over all things.

Notes

  1. §2.27.1χελῶναι χωστρίδες — "Tortoises for filling ditches." Refers to mobile wooden protective shelters (testudos) used in ancient siege warfare to shield soldiers while they filled in moats or ditches (χώννυμι) in order to approach the city walls.
  2. §2.27.1προνενοημένου τοῦ βασιλέως τούτου τοῦ μέρους — Genitive absolute construction. `τοῦ βασιλέως` functions as the subject and the perfect participle `προνενοημένου` as the predicate. `τούτου τοῦ μέρους` (this part/provision) is the genitive object governed by `προνοέομαι` (to provide for beforehand), referring back to the provisioning of necessities.
  3. §2.27.1συνέβη τὸν Εὐφράτην μέγαν γενόμενον κατακλύσαι... — The impersonal verb `συνέβη` (it happened) takes the accusative and infinitive clause `τὸν Εὐφράτην... κατακλύσαι... καὶ καταβαλεῖν` (the Euphrates flooded... and threw down) as its subject.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.27.1-2.27.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.27.1-2.27.3

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