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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.26.1-2.26.9

Rebel Victory and the Beginning of the Siege of Ninus

Passage 126 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The rebel forces, strengthened by the joining of the Bactrian army, launch a surprise attack on the negligent Assyrian army, defeat them, and trap King Sardanapallus inside Ninus to begin a siege.

§2.26.1μετακληθέντων οὖν πάντων πάλιν καὶ τὸν ὡρισμένον χρόνον ἀναμεινάντων, ἧκέ τις ἀπαγγέλλων διότι δύναμις ἐκ τῆς Βακτριανῆς ἀπεσταλμένη τῷ βασιλεῖ πλησίον ἐστὶ πορευομένη κατὰ σπουδήν.
Therefore, when all had been called back again and had waited for the designated time, someone came reporting that a force dispatched from Bactria to the king was near, marching in haste.
§2.26.2ἔδοξεν οὖν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἀρβάκην ἀπαντῆσαι τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τὴν ταχίστην ἀναλαβόντας τῶν στρατιωτῶν τοὺς κρατίστους καὶ μάλιστʼ εὐζώνους, ὅπως, ἂν μὴ διὰ τῶν λόγων τοὺς Βακτριανοὺς δύνωνται πεῖσαι συναποστῆναι, τοῖς ὅπλοις βιάσωνται μετασχεῖν τῶν αὐτῶν ἐλπίδων.
Consequently, those around Arbaces decided to meet the generals as quickly as possible, taking the strongest and most active of the soldiers, so that, if they could not persuade the Bactrians by words to join the revolt, they might force them by arms to share the same hopes.
§2.26.3τέλος δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀσμένως ὑπακουσάντων τὸ μὲν πρῶτον τῶν ἡγεμόνων, ἔπειτα καὶ τῆς ὅλης δυνάμεως, πάντες ἐν ταὐτῷ κατεστρατοπέδευσαν.
And finally, since first the leaders, and then also the entire force, gladly responded to the call of freedom, they all encamped in the same place.
§2.26.4ὅτε δὴ συνέβη τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἀσσυρίων τὴν μὲν ἀπόστασιν τῶν Βακτριανῶν ἀγνοοῦντα, ταῖς δὲ προγεγενημέναις εὐημερίαις μετεωρισθέντα, τραπῆναι πρὸς ἄνεσιν, καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις διαδοῦναι πρὸς εὐωχίαν ἱερεῖα καὶ πλῆθος οἴνου τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδείων.
Then indeed it happened that the king of the Assyrians, being ignorant of the revolt of the Bactrians and elated by his previous successes, turned to relaxation, and distributed to his soldiers for feasting sacrificial animals and abundance of wine and other provisions.
διόπερ τῆς δυνάμεως ἁπάσης ἑστιωμένης, οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀρβάκην παρά τινων αὐτομόλων πυθόμενοι τὴν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ τῶν πολεμίων ῥᾳθυμίαν καὶ μέθην, νυκτὸς ἀπροσδοκήτως τὴν ἐπίθεσιν ἐποιήσαντο.
Therefore, while the whole force was feasting, those around Arbaces, having learned from some deserters of the negligence and drunkenness in the camp of the enemy, made an unexpected attack by night.
§2.26.5προσπεσόντες δὲ συντεταγμένοι μὲν ἀσυντάκτοις, ἕτοιμοι δʼ ἀπαρασκεύοις, τῆς τε παρεμβολῆς ἐκράτησαν καὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν πολλοὺς ἀνελόντες τοὺς ἄλλους μέχρι τῆς πόλεως κατεδίωξαν.
And falling upon them, the orderly upon the disorderly, and the ready upon the unprepared, they became masters of the camp, and having killed many of the soldiers, pursued the rest as far as the city.
§2.26.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὁ μὲν βασιλεὺς Γαλαιμένην τὸν ἀδελφὸν τῆς γυναικὸς ἀποδείξας στρατηγόν, αὐτὸς τῶν κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ἐπιμέλειαν ἐποιεῖτο· οἱ δʼ ἀποστάται κατὰ τὸ πεδίον τὸ πρὸ τῆς πόλεως παραταξάμενοι δυσὶ μάχαις ἐνίκησαν τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους, καὶ τόν τε Γαλαιμένην ἀνεῖλον καὶ τῶν ἀντιταξαμένων τοὺς μὲν ἐν τῇ φυγῇ κατέσφαξαν, τοὺς δʼ ἀποκλεισθέντας τῆς εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐπανόδου καὶ συναναγκασθέντας ἑαυτοὺς ῥιπτεῖν εἰς τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμὸν πλὴν ὀλίγων ἅπαντας ἀνεῖλον.
After this, the king appointed Galaemenes, the brother of his wife, as general, while he himself took charge of the affairs in the city; but the rebels, having drawn up their forces in the plain before the city, defeated the Assyrians in two battles, and killed Galaemenes, and of those drawn up against them, some they slaughtered in flight, and the others, who were shut out from returning to the city and forced to throw themselves into the river Euphrates, they killed all except a few.
§2.26.7τοσοῦτο δὲ πλῆθος ἦν τῶν φονευθέντων ὥστε τὸ φερόμενον ῥεῦμα κραθὲν αἵματι τὴν χρόαν ἐφʼ ἱκανὸν τόπον μεταβαλεῖν.
And so great was the multitude of the slain that the flowing stream, mingled with blood, changed its color for a considerable distance.
ἔπειτα τοῦ βασιλέως συγκλεισθέντος εἰς πολιορκίαν πολλὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀφίστατο, ἑκάστου πρὸς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν αὐτομολοῦντος.
Afterward, when the king was shut up in a siege, many of the nations revolted, each deserting to freedom.
§2.26.8ὁ δὲ Σαρδανάπαλλος ὁρῶν τὴν ὅλην βασιλείαν ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις οὖσαν κινδύνοις, τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς τρεῖς ὄντας καὶ θυγατέρας δύο μετὰ πολλῶν χρημάτων εἰς Παφλαγονίαν ἀπέστειλε πρὸς Κότταν τὸν ἔπαρχον, ὄντα τῶν ἀρχομένων εὐνούστατον, αὐτὸς δὲ βιβλιαφόρους ἀποστείλας πρὸς ἅπαντας τοὺς ὑπʼ αὐτὸν τεταγμένους μετεπέμπετο δυνάμεις καὶ τὰ πρὸς τὴν πολιορκίαν παρεσκευάζετο.
Sardanapallus, seeing the whole kingdom to be in the greatest dangers, sent his three sons and two daughters with much money to Paphlagonia to Cottas the governor, who was the most loyal of his subjects; but he himself, sending letter-bearers to all those stationed under him, summoned forces and prepared what was necessary for the siege.
§2.26.9ἦν δʼ αὐτῷ λόγιον παραδεδομένον ἐκ προγόνων ὅτι τὴν Νίνον οὐδεὶς ἑλεῖ κατὰ κράτος, ἐὰν μὴ πρότερον ὁ ποταμὸς τῇ πόλει γένηται πολέμιος.
And he had an oracle delivered down from his ancestors, that no one would take Ninus by force, unless first the river should become an enemy to the city.
ὑπολαμβάνων οὖν τοῦτο μηδέποτε ἔσεσθαι, ταῖς ἐλπίσι ἀντεῖχε, διανοούμενος ὑπομένειν τὴν πολιορκίαν καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων ἀποσταλησόμενα στρατόπεδα προσδέχεσθαι.
Supposing, therefore, that this would never be, he held out with hope, intending to endure the siege and await the armies to be sent by his subjects.

Notes

  1. 2.26.2ἀναλαβόντας — Although the main subject 'those around Arbaces' is expressed in the dative (τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἀρβάκην), the accusative plural participle (ἀναλαβόντας) is used as the subject of the infinitive ἀπαντῆσαι, conforming to the standard accusative-with-infinitive construction.
  2. 2.26.4ὅτε δὴ συνέβη τὸν βασιλέα — The impersonal verb συνέβη is followed by an accusative with infinitive construction (τὸν βασιλέα... τραπῆναι), meaning 'then indeed it happened that the king...'.
  3. 2.26.5συντεταγμένοι μὲν ἀσυντάκτοις, ἕτοιμοι δʼ ἀπαρασκεύοις — A highly compact contrastive expression where the nominative plurals (συντεταγμένοι, ἕτοιμοι) refer to the attackers (the rebels) and the dative plurals (ἀσυντάκτοις, ἀπαρασκεύοις) refer to the attacked (the Assyrian forces, governed by the participle προσπεσόντες).
  4. 2.26.9ἑλεῖ — The third-person singular future active indicative of αἱρέω (contract future ἑλεῖ ← ἑλέσει). Note the difference in spelling and accentuation from the present active indicative third-person singular αἱρεῖ.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.26.1-2.26.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.26.1-2.26.9

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