Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.14.1-2.14.4

Semiramis's March to Egypt and Oracle of Ammon

Passage 114 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Semiramis continues her road-building and earthworking activities across Asia, visits Egypt, Libya, and the oracle of Ammon regarding her end, and then subdues most of Ethiopia, where she hears of a wondrous lake with mind-altering properties.

§2.14.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπῆλθε τήν τε Περσίδα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην χώραν ἅπασαν ἧς ἐπῆρχε κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν.
After this she traversed Persis and all the rest of the territory over which she ruled in Asia.
πανταχοῦ δὲ τὰ μὲν ὄρη καὶ τὰς ἀπορρῶγας πέτρας διακόπτουσα κατεσκεύασεν ὁδοὺς πολυτελεῖς, ἐν δὲ τοῖς πεδίοις ἐποίει χώματα, ποτὲ μὲν τάφους κατασκευάζουσα τοῖς τελευτῶσι τῶν ἡγεμόνων, ποτὲ δὲ πόλεις ἐν τοῖς ἀναστήμασι κατοικίζουσα.
And everywhere, cutting through the mountains and sheer cliffs, she constructed expensive roads, while in the plains she raised mounds, sometimes constructing tombs for those of her commanders who died, and sometimes founding cities upon the elevations.
§2.14.2εἰώθει δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὰς στρατοπεδείας μικρὰ χώματα κατασκευάζειν, ἐφʼ ὧν καθιστᾶσα τὴν ἰδίαν σκηνὴν ἅπασαν κατώπτευε τὴν παρεμβολήν· διὸ καὶ πολλὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν μέχρι τοῦ νῦν διαμένει τῶν ὑπʼ ἐκείνης κατασκευασθέντων καὶ καλεῖται Σεμιράμιδος ἔργα.
She was also accustomed, at her encampments, to construct small mounds, upon which she would pitch her own tent and overlook the entire camp; for which reason many of the works constructed by her remain to this day throughout Asia and are called the Works of Semiramis.
§2.14.3μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τήν τε Αἴγυπτον πᾶσαν ἐπῆλθε καὶ τῆς Λιβύης τὰ πλεῖστα καταστρεψαμένη παρῆλθεν εἰς Ἄμμωνα, χρησομένη τῷ θεῷ περὶ τῆς ἰδίας τελευτῆς.
After this she traversed all of Egypt and, having subdued most of Libya, went on to Ammon, to consult the oracle of the god concerning her own death.
λέγεται δʼ αὐτῇ γενέσθαι λόγιον ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθήσεσθαι καὶ κατὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν παρʼ ἐνίοις τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀθανάτου τεύξεσθαι τιμῆς· ὅπερ ἔσεσθαι καθʼ ὃν ἂν χρόνον ὁ υἱὸς αὐτῇ Νινύας ἐπιβουλεύσῃ.
And it is said that an oracle was given to her that she would disappear from among men and receive immortal honour among some of the nations in Asia; and that this would take place at the time when her son Ninyas should plot against her.
§2.14.4ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων γενομένη τῆς Αἰθιοπίας ἐπῆλθε τὰ πλεῖστα καταστρεφομένη καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὴν χώραν θεωμένη παράδοξα.
Setting out from there, she traversed most of Ethiopia, subduing it and observing the wonders of the land.
εἶναι γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ φασι λίμνην τετράγωνον, τὴν μὲν περίμετρον ἔχουσαν ποδῶν ὡς ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα, τὸ δʼ ὕδωρ τῇ μὲν χρόᾳ παραπλήσιον κινναβάρει, τὴν δʼ ὀσμὴν καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἡδεῖαν, οὐκ ἀνόμοιον οἴνῳ παλαιῷ· δύναμιν δʼ ἔχειν παράδοξον· τὸν γὰρ πιόντα φασὶν εἰς μανίαν ἐμπίπτειν καὶ πάνθʼ ἃ πρότερον διέλαθεν ἁμαρτήσας ἑαυτοῦ κατηγορεῖν.
For there is in it, they say, a square lake, about one hundred and sixty feet in circumference, and its water is in colour like cinnabar, but in odour exceedingly sweet, not unlike old wine; and it has a miraculous power; for they say that anyone who drinks of it falls into madness and accuses himself of all the sins which he had previously committed in secret.
τοῖς μὲν οὖν ταῦτα λέγουσιν οὐκ ἄν τις ῥᾳδίως συγκατάθοιτο.
Now one would not readily agree with those who tell such stories.

Notes

  1. §2.14.3λέγεται δʼ αὐτῇ γενέσθαι λόγιον — The impersonal passive verb λέγεται takes the dative of interest/agent αὐτῇ and the infinitive phrase γενέσθαι λόγιον as its subject. This infinitive phrase in turn governs the accusative and infinitive clauses (ἀφανισθήσεσθαι and τεύξεσθαι) specifying the content of the oracle.
  2. §2.14.3ὅπερ ἔσεσθαι — Due to the continuation of the indirect discourse introduced by λέγεται, the verb in the relative clause introduced by ὅπερ is expressed as a future infinitive (ἔσεσθαι) rather than a finite indicative (ἔσται). The relative pronoun ὅπερ acts as the accusative subject of this infinitive.
  3. §2.14.4διέλαθεν ἁμαρτήσας — The verb λανθάνω (here in the aorist διέλαθεν) is construed with a supplementary participle (ἁμαρτήσας) to form the idiomatic expression 'to do something secretly' or 'without being noticed'. It means 'all the sins which he had previously committed in secret'.
  4. §2.14.4οὐκ ἂν τις ῥᾳδίως συγκατάθοιτο — The combination of the particle ἄν with the optative mood (συγκατάθοιτο, aorist middle optative of συγκατατίθημι) expresses potentiality ('one would not readily agree'), softening the statement into a polite expression of doubt or disbelief.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.14.1-2.14.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.14.1-2.14.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.