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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.13.1-2.13.8

Semiramis's Campaign in Media and Her Engineering Works

Passage 113 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Semiramis marches into Media, constructing immense parks and monuments at Mount Bagistanus and Chauon, while secretly executing the handsome soldiers she consorted with. She later establishes luxurious palaces in Ecbatana and provisions the waterless city by tunneling through Mount Orontes.

§2.13.1ἡ δὲ Σεμίραμις ἐπειδὴ τοῖς ἔργοις ἐπέθηκε πέρας, ἀνέζευξεν ἐπὶ Μηδίας μετὰ πολλῆς δυνάμεως· καταντήσασα δὲ πρὸς ὄρος τὸ καλούμενον Βαγίστανον πλησίον αὐτοῦ κατεστρατοπέδευσε, καὶ κατεσκεύασε παράδεισον, ὃς τὴν μὲν περίμετρον ἦν δώδεκα σταδίων, ἐν πεδίῳ δὲ κείμενος εἶχε πηγὴν μεγάλην, ἐξ ἧς ἀρδεύεσθαι συνέβαινε τὸ φυτουργεῖον.
When Semiramis had brought her works to an end, she set out for Media with a large force; and when she arrived at the mountain called Bagistanus, she encamped near it and laid out a park, which was twelve stades in circumference and, lying in a plain, had a large spring from which it happened that the plantation was irrigated.
§2.13.2τὸ δὲ Βαγίστανον ὄρος ἐστὶ μὲν ἱερὸν Διός, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ παρὰ τὸν παράδεισον μέρους ἀποτομάδας ἔχει πέτρας εἰς ὕψος ἀνατεινούσας ἑπτακαίδεκα σταδίους.
Now the mountain Bagistanus is sacred to Zeus and, on the side facing the park, has sheer cliffs rising to a height of seventeen stades.
οὗ τὸ κατώτατον μέρος καταξύσασα τὴν ἰδίαν ἐνεχάραξεν εἰκόνα, δορυφόρους αὑτῇ παραστήσασα ἑκατόν. ἐπέγραψε δὲ καὶ Συρίοις γράμμασιν εἰς τὴν πέτραν ὅτι Σεμίραμις τοῖς σάγμασι τοῖς τῶν ἀκολουθούντων ὑποζυγίων ἀπὸ τοῦ πεδίου χώσασα τὸν προειρημένον κρημνὸν διὰ τούτων εἰς τὴν ἀκρώρειαν προσανέβη.
Having smoothed the lowest part of this, she carved her own image, stationing a hundred spear-bearers beside her; and she also inscribed on the cliff in Syrian characters that Semiramis, having piled up the aforesaid cliff from the plain with the pack-saddles of the beasts of burden that followed her, had by means of these climbed up to the summit.
§2.13.3ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἀναζεύξασα καὶ παραγενομένη πρὸς Χαύονα πόλιν τῆς Μηδίας κατενόησεν ἔν τινι μετεώρῳ πεδίῳ πέτραν τῷ τε ὕψει καὶ τῷ μεγέθει καταπληκτικήν.
Setting out from there and arriving at Chauon, a city of Media, she observed in a certain elevated plain a cliff amazing in both its height and size.
ἐνταῦθʼ οὖν ἕτερον παράδεισον ὑπερμεγέθη κατεσκεύασεν, ἐν μέσῳ τὴν πέτραν ἀπολαβοῦσα, καθʼ ἣν οἰκοδομήματα πολυτελῆ πρὸς τρυφὴν ἐποίησεν, ἐξ ὧν τά τε κατὰ τὸν παράδεισον ἀπεθεώρει φυτουργεῖα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν στρατιὰν παρεμβεβληκυῖαν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ.
There, then, she laid out another exceedingly large park, enclosing the cliff in the middle of it, next to which she built luxurious dwellings for her pleasure, from which she could view both the plantations in the park and the entire army encamped in the plain.
§2.13.4ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ συχνὸν ἐνδιατρίψασα χρόνον καὶ πάντων τῶν εἰς τρυφὴν ἀνηκόντων ἀπολαύσασα, γῆμαι μὲν νομίμως οὐκ ἠθέλησεν, εὐλαβουμένη μήποτε στερηθῇ τῆς ἀρχῆς, ἐπιλεγομένη δὲ τῶν στρατιωτῶν τοὺς εὐπρεπείᾳ διαφέροντας τούτοις ἐμίσγετο, καὶ πάντας τοὺς αὐτῇ πλησιάσαντας ἠφάνιζε.
And having spent much time in this place and enjoyed all things that contribute to luxury, she was unwilling to marry lawfully, fearing lest she might be deprived of her rule, but choosing those of the soldiers who excelled in beauty, she cohabited with them, and then made away with all who had approached her.
§2.13.5μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπʼ Ἐκβατάνων τὴν πορείαν ποιησαμένη παρεγένετο πρὸς ὄρος τὸ Ζαρκαῖον καλούμενον· τοῦτο δʼ ἐπὶ πολλοὺς παρῆκον σταδίους καὶ πλῆρες ὂν κρημνῶν καὶ φαράγγων μακρὰν εἶχε τὴν περίοδον.
After this, making her way towards Ecbatana, she arrived at the mountain called Zarcaeus; and since this extended for many stades and was full of cliffs and chasms, it required a long detour.
ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο οὖν ἅμα μὲν μνημεῖον ἀθάνατον ἑαυτῆς ἀπολιπεῖν, ἅμα δὲ σύντομον ποιήσασθαι τὴν ὁδόν· διόπερ τούς τε κρημνοὺς κατακόψασα καὶ τοὺς κοίλους τόπους χώσασα σύντομον καὶ πολυτελῆ κατεσκεύασεν ὁδόν, ἣ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν Σεμιράμιδος καλεῖται.
She was ambitious, therefore, both to leave an immortal monument of herself and to make her journey short; wherefore, having cut down the cliffs and filled up the hollow places, she constructed a short and expensive road, which to this day is called the Road of Semiramis.
§2.13.6παραγενηθεῖσα δʼ εἰς Ἐκβάτανα, πόλιν ἐν πεδίῳ κειμένην, κατεσκεύασεν ἐν αὐτῇ πολυτελῆ βασίλεια καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἐπιμέλειαν ἐποιήσατο τοῦ τόπου περιττοτέραν.
And arriving at Ecbatana, a city situated in a plain, she built luxurious palaces in it and bestowed a more than ordinary care upon the place.
ἀνύδρου γὰρ οὔσης τῆς πόλεως καὶ μηδαμοῦ σύνεγγυς ὑπαρχούσης πηγῆς, ἐποίησεν αὐτὴν πᾶσαν κατάρρυτον, ἐπαγαγοῦσα πλεῖστον καὶ κάλλιστον ὕδωρ μετὰ πολλῆς κακοπαθείας τε καὶ δαπάνης.
For since the city was waterless and there was no spring anywhere near, she made it all well-watered, bringing in an abundant and most beautiful supply of water with much hardship and expense.
§2.13.7τῶν γὰρ Ἐκβατάνων ὡς δώδεκα σταδίους ἀπέχον ἔστιν ὄρος ὃ καλεῖται μὲν Ὀρόντης, τῇ δὲ τραχύτητι καὶ τῷ πρὸς ὕψος ἀνατείνοντι μεγέθει διάφορον, ὡς ἂν τὴν πρόσβασιν ἔχον ὄρθιον ἕως τῆς ἀκρωρείας σταδίων εἴκοσι πέντε.
For at a distance of about twelve stades from Ecbatana there is a mountain called Orontes, remarkable for its ruggedness and its height which rises to the sky, having a steep ascent to the summit of twenty-five stades.
ἐκ θατέρου δὲ μέρους οὔσης λίμνης μεγάλης εἰς ποταμὸν ἐκβαλλούσης, διέσκαψε τὸ προειρημένον ὄρος κατὰ τὴν ῥίζαν.
And since there was a large lake on the other side which emptied into a river, she dug through the base of the aforesaid mountain.
§2.13.8ἦν δʼ ἡ διῶρυξ τὸ μὲν πλάτος ποδῶν πεντεκαίδεκα, τὸ δʼ ὕψος τετταράκοντα· διʼ ἧς ἐπαγαγοῦσα τὸν ἐκ τῆς λίμνης ποταμὸν ἐπλήρωσε τὴν πόλιν ὕδατος.
The tunnel was fifteen feet in width and forty feet in height; through this, having brought in the river flowing from the lake, she filled the city with water.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῇ Μηδίᾳ.
These things, then, she did in Media.

Notes

  1. 2.13.2τοῖς σάγμασι τοῖς τῶν ἀκολουθούντων ὑποζυγίων ... χώσασα — The active aorist participle `χώσασα` (from `χώννυμι`, 'to heap up, build a mound') governs the accusative object `τὸν ... κρημνὸν` (the cliff) and takes the dative of instrument `τοῖς σάγμασι` ('with the pack-saddles / baggage'). This indicates that she constructed a ramp up the cliff by piling up the baggage of the beasts of burden.
  2. 2.13.3ἐν μέσῳ τὴν πέτραν ἀπολαβοῦσα — The participle `ἀπολαβοῦσα` (aorist active of `ἀπολαμβάνω`) is used here in the sense of 'enclosing' or 'including within'. It describes how she laid out the park so as to enclose the massive cliff in the very center (`ἐν μέσῳ`) of the estate.
  3. 2.13.7ὡς ἂν τὴν πρόσβασιν ἔχον ὄρθιον — The conjunction `ὡς ἄν` paired with the present participle `ἔχον` (neuter singular nominative agreeing with `ὄρος`) introduces a subjective characterization ('inasmuch as it has' or 'as if having'). The adjective `ὄρθιον` functions predicatively with `πρόσβασιν` ('having its ascent steep/upright').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.13.1-2.13.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.13.1-2.13.8

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