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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.65.1-1.65.8

The Reigns of Bocchoris and the Pious Sabacon

Passage 66 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The wisdom of the Egyptian king Bocchoris and the piety and mildness of the subsequent Ethiopian king Sabacon are described, highlighting Sabacon's abolition of the death penalty and his resignation of the throne following a divine dream.

§1.65.1μετὰ δὲ τοὺς προειρημένους βασιλεῖς διεδέξατο τὴν ἀρχὴν Βόκχορις, τῷ μὲν σώματι παντελῶς εὐκαταφρόνητος, ἀγχινοίᾳ δὲ πολὺ διαφέρων τῶν προβασιλευσάντων.
After the aforementioned kings, Bocchoris succeeded to the rule, a man who was altogether contemptible in body, but far excelled the preceding kings in sagacity.
§1.65.2πολλοῖς δʼ ὕστερον χρόνοις ἐβασίλευσε τῆς Αἰγύπτου Σαβάκων, τὸ μὲν γένος ὢν Αἰθίοψ, εὐσεβείᾳ δὲ καὶ χρηστότητι πολὺ διαφέρων τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ.
Many years later, Sabacon reigned over Egypt, being by race an Ethiopian, but far excelling his predecessors in piety and goodness.
§1.65.3τῆς μὲν οὖν ἐπιεικείας αὐτοῦ λάβοι τις ἂν τεκμήριον τὸ τῶν νομίμων προστίμων ἆραι τὸ μέγιστον, λέγω δὲ τὴν τοῦ ζῆν στέρησιν· §1.65.4ἀντὶ γὰρ τοῦ θανάτου τοὺς καταδικασθέντας ἠνάγκαζε λειτουργεῖν ταῖς πόλεσι δεδεμένους, καὶ διὰ τούτων πολλὰ μὲν χώματα κατεσκεύαζεν, οὐκ ὀλίγας δὲ διώρυχας ὤρυττεν εὐκαίρους· ὑπελάμβανε γὰρ τοῖς μὲν κολαζομένοις τὸ τῆς τιμωρίας ἀπότομον ἠλαττωκέναι, ταῖς δὲ πόλεσιν ἀντὶ προστίμων ἀνωφελῶν μεγάλην εὐχρηστίαν περιπεποιηκέναι.
Now of his mildness, one might take as proof the removal of the greatest of the legal penalties—I mean the deprivation of life; for instead of death, he forced those who had been condemned to work for the cities in chains, and through them he constructed many dikes and dug not a few useful canals; for he conceived that he had lessened the severity of the punishment for those being chastised, and had secured a great utility for the cities instead of unprofitable penalties.
§1.65.5τὴν δὲ τῆς εὐσεβείας ὑπερβολὴν συλλογίσαιτʼ ἄν τις ἐκ τῆς κατὰ τὸν ὄνειρον φαντασίας καὶ τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀποθέσεως.
And his exceeding piety one might infer from the vision in his dream and his resignation of the rule.
§1.65.6ἔδοξε μὲν γὰρ κατὰ τὸν ὕπνον λέγειν αὐτῷ τὸν ἐν Θήβαις θεὸν ὅτι βασιλεύειν οὐ δυνήσεται τῆς Αἰγύπτου μακαρίως οὐδὲ πολὺν χρόνον, ἐὰν μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς ἅπαντας διατεμὼν διὰ μέσων αὐτῶν διέλθῃ μετὰ τῆς θεραπείας.
For it seemed to him in his sleep that the god in Thebes said to him that he would not be able to reign over Egypt happily or for a long time, unless he should cut all the priests in two and pass through the midst of them with his retinue.
§1.65.7πολλάκις δὲ τούτου γινομένου μεταπεμψάμενος πανταχόθεν τοὺς ἱερεῖς ἔφη λυπεῖν τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ μένων· οὐ γὰρ ἂν αὐτῷ τοιαῦτα προστάττειν κατὰ τὸν ὕπνον.
And when this happened many times, he sent for the priests from everywhere and said that by remaining in the country he was grieving the god; for otherwise the god would not have commanded him such things in his sleep.
§1.65.8ἀπελθὼν οὖν βούλεσθαι καθαρὸς παντὸς μύσους ἀποδοῦναι τὸ ζῆν τῇ πεπρωμένῃ μᾶλλον ἢ λυπῶν τὸν κύριον καὶ μιάνας ἀσεβεῖ φόνῳ τὸν ἴδιον βίον ἄρχειν τῆς Αἰγύπτου· καὶ πέρας τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις ἀποδοὺς τὴν βασιλείαν ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν.
Therefore, he said that he wished to depart clean of all pollution and yield up his life to destiny, rather than rule over Egypt by grieving the Lord and defiling his own life with impious slaughter; and finally, restoring the kingdom to the inhabitants, he returned to Ethiopia.

Notes

  1. §1.65.3ἆραι — The infinitive ἆραι (aorist active of αἴρω) is substantivized by the neuter accusative article τό, serving as the direct object of the verb λάβοι ἂν.
  2. §1.65.4τοῖς μὲν κολαζομένοις — A present passive participle, functioning here as a dative of interest (dativus commodi/incommodi) meaning 'for those who are being punished.'
  3. §1.65.7οὐ γὰρ ἂν αὐτῷ τοιαῦτα προστάττειν — The construction of ἂν with the infinitive (προστάττειν) in indirect discourse, dependent on the reporting verb ἔφη, representing ἂν with an indicative past tense (or optative) in direct discourse. It expresses a past counterfactual condition: 'otherwise the god would not have commanded.'
  4. §1.65.8βούλεσθαι — The infinitive βούλεσθαι is part of the indirect discourse governed by the verb ἔφη in the preceding sentence (§1.65.7). Since the subject is Sabacon himself, the participles ἀπελθὼν and καθαρὸς are in the nominative case.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.65.1-1.65.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.65.1-1.65.8

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