§1.66.1ἀναρχίας δὲ γενομένης κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐπʼ ἔτη δύο, καὶ τῶν ὄχλων εἰς ταραχὰς καὶ φόνους ἐμφυλίους τρεπομένων, ἐποιήσαντο συνωμοσίαν οἱ μέγιστοι τῶν ἡγεμόνων δώδεκα· συνεδρεύσαντες δὲ ἐν Μέμφει καὶ συνθήκας γραψάμενοι περὶ τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμονοίας καὶ πίστεως ἀνέδειξαν ἑαυτοὺς βασιλεῖς.
After anarchy had prevailed in Egypt for two years, and the multitudes had turned to riots and civil slaughter, the twelve most powerful leaders formed a league; and having met in council at Memphis and drawn up a treaty concerning harmony and mutual trust, they declared themselves kings.
§1.66.2ἐπʼ ἔτη δὲ πεντεκαίδεκα κατὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὰς ὁμολογίας ἄρξαντες καὶ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμόνοιαν διατηρήσαντες, ἐπεβάλοντο κατασκευάσαι κοινὸν ἑαυτῶν τάφον, ἵνα καθάπερ ἐν τῷ ζῆν εὐνοοῦντες ἀλλήλοις τῶν ἴσων ἐτύγχανον τιμῶν, οὕτω καὶ μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν ἐν ἑνὶ τόπῳ τῶν σωμάτων κειμένων τὸ κατασκευασθὲν μνῆμα κοινῇ περιέχῃ τὴν τῶν ἐνταφέντων δόξαν.
Having ruled for fifteen years in accordance with their oaths and agreements and maintained their harmony with one another, they resolved to construct a common tomb for themselves, so that, just as during their lives they had favored one another and enjoyed equal honors, so also after their death, their bodies lying in one place, the monument constructed might contain in common the glory of those buried there.
§1.66.3εἰς ταύτην δὲ τὴν ἐπιβολὴν φιλοκαλοῦντες ἔσπευσαν ὑπερβαλέσθαι τῷ μεγέθει τῶν ἔργων ἅπαντας τοὺς πρὸ αὑτῶν.
In this undertaking, in their love of the beautiful, they strove to surpass all their predecessors in the magnitude of their works.
ἐκλεξάμενοι γὰρ τόπον παρὰ τὸν εἴσπλουν τὸν εἰς τὴν Μοίριδος λίμνην ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ κατεσκεύαζον τὸν τάφον ἐκ τῶν καλλίστων λίθων, καὶ τῷ μὲν σχήματι τετράγωνον ὑπεστήσαντο, τῷ δὲ μεγέθει σταδιαίαν ἑκάστην πλευράν, ταῖς δὲ γλυφαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις χειρουργίαις ὑπερβολὴν οὐκ ἀπέλιπον τοῖς ἐπιγινομένοις.
For having selected a place in Libya near the entrance to Lake Moeris, they constructed the tomb of the finest stones, making it quadrangular in shape, with each side a stadion in length, and in its carvings and other handiwork they left no possibility of surpassing it to future generations.
§1.66.4εἰσελθόντι μὲν γὰρ τὸν περίβολον οἶκος ἦν περίστυλος, ἑκάστης πλευρᾶς ἐκ τετταράκοντα κιόνων ἀναπληρουμένης, καὶ τούτου μονόλιθος ἦν ὀροφή, φάτναις διαγεγλυμμένη καὶ γραφαῖς διαφόροις πεποικιλμένη.
For to one entering the enclosure, there was a peristyle hall, each side being made up of forty columns, and its roof was a single stone, carved with coffered work and adorned with various paintings.
§1.66.5εἶχε δὲ τῆς πατρίδος τῆς ἑκάστου τῶν βασιλέων ὑπομνήματα καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ θυσιῶν τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ ταῖς καλλίσταις γραφαῖς φιλοτέχνως δεδημιουργημένα.
And it contained memorials of the native land of each of the kings, and of the temples and sacrifices therein, artistically wrought in the finest paintings.
§1.66.6καθόλου δὲ τοιαύτην τῇ πολυτελείᾳ καὶ τηλικαύτην τῷ μεγέθει τὴν ὑπόστασιν τοῦ τάφου λέγεται ποιήσασθαι τοὺς βασιλεῖς, ὥστʼ εἰ μὴ πρὸ τοῦ συντελέσαι τὴν ἐπιβολὴν κατελύθησαν, μηδεμίαν ἂν ὑπερβολὴν ἑτέροις πρὸς κατασκευὴν ἔργων ἀπολιπεῖν.
In general, the kings are said to have made the design of the tomb so costly in its magnificence and so great in its magnitude, that if they had not been overthrown before completing their undertaking, they would have left to others no possibility of surpassing them in the construction of works.
§1.66.7ἀρξάντων δὲ τούτων τῆς Αἰγύπτου πεντεκαίδεκα ἔτη συνέβη τὴν βασιλείαν εἰς ἕνα περιστῆναι διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας.
After these had ruled over Egypt for fifteen years, it came to pass that the kingship devolved upon one man, for the following reasons.
§1.66.8Ψαμμήτιχος ὁ Σαΐτης, εἷς ὢν τῶν δώδεκα βασιλέων καὶ τῶν παρὰ θάλατταν μερῶν κυριεύων, παρείχετο φορτία πᾶσι τοῖς ἐμπόροις, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς τε Φοίνιξι καὶ τοῖς Ἕλλησι·
Psammetichus of Sais, being one of the twelve kings and ruling over the parts along the sea, provided merchandise for all merchants, and especially for the Phoenicians and the Greeks.
§1.66.9διὰ δὲ τοιούτου τρόπου τά τε ἐκ τῆς ἰδίας χώρας λυσιτελῶς διατιθέμενος καὶ τῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἔθνεσι φυομένων μεταλαμβάνων, οὐ μόνον εὐπορίαν εἶχε μεγάλην ἀλλὰ καὶ φιλίαν πρὸς ἔθνη καὶ δυνάστας.
And by this means, disposing of the products of his own country at a profit and receiving in return those produced among other nations, he not only acquired great wealth, but also secured the friendship of nations and rulers.
§1.66.10διὰ δὲ ταῦτά φασι φθονήσαντας αὐτῷ τοὺς ἄλλους βασιλεῖς πόλεμον ἐξενεγκεῖν.
For this reason, they say, the other kings grew envious and declared war against him.
ἔνιοι δὲ τῶν ἀρχαίων συγγραφέων μυθολογοῦσι χρησμὸν γενέσθαι τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν, ὃς ἂν αὐτῶν ἐκ χαλκῆς φιάλης πρῶτος ἐν Μέμφει σπείσῃ τῷ θεῷ, κρατήσειν αὐτὸν πάσης τῆς Αἰγύπτου· τὸν δὲ Ψαμμήτιχον, ἐξενέγκαντος ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῶν ἱερέων τινὸς φιάλας δώδεκα χρυσᾶς, περιελόμενον τὴν περικεφαλαίαν σπεῖσαι.
But some of the ancient historians tell a story that an oracle had been given to the leaders, that whichever of them should first pour a libation to the god in Memphis from a bronze bowl would rule over all Egypt; and that when one of the priests brought out of the temple twelve golden bowls, Psammetichus, taking off his helmet, poured the libation with it.
§1.66.11ὑπιδομένους οὖν τοὺς συνάρχοντας τὸ πραχθὲν ἀποκτεῖναι μὲν αὐτὸν μὴ βουληθῆναι, φυγαδεῦσαι δὲ καὶ προστάξαι διατρίβειν ἐν τοῖς ἕλεσι τοῖς παρὰ θάλατταν.
Therefore his fellow-rulers, suspicious of what had been done, did not wish to put him to death, but banished him and ordered him to pass his time in the marshes along the sea.
§1.66.12εἴτε δὴ διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν εἴτε διὰ τὸν φθόνον, καθότι προείρηται, γενομένης τῆς διαφορᾶς, ὁ μὲν Ψαμμήτιχος ἔκ τε τῆς Καρίας καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίας μισθοφόρους μεταπεμψάμενος ἐνίκησε παρατάξει περὶ πόλιν τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Μώμεμφιν, τῶν δʼ ἀντιταξαμένων βασιλέων οἱ μὲν κατὰ τὴν μάχην ἀνῃρέθησαν, οἱ δʼ εἰς Λιβύην ἐκδιωχθέντες οὐκέτι περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἴσχυσαν ἀμφισβητῆσαι.
Whether, then, the discord arose for this reason or because of envy, as has been said before, ¦p.v.1.p.114 Psammetichus sent for mercenaries from Caria and Ionia and won a victory in a pitched battle near the city called Momemphis; and of the kings who opposed him, some were slain in the battle, while others, being driven out into Libya, were no longer able to dispute the rule.