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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.51.1-1.51.7

The Palace at Memphis, Tombs, and Lake Moeris

Passage 52 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The construction of the palace of Memphis by Uchoreus and the Egyptian view of life and death, which values tombs over houses, are described. It also introduces the origin of the city's name from the king's daughter, the legend of Aegyptus, and the construction of a colossal artificial lake by the later king Moeris.

§1.51.1ὁ δὲ τὴν Μέμφιν κτίσας μετὰ τὴν τοῦ χώματος καὶ τῆς λίμνης κατασκευὴν ᾠκοδόμησε βασίλεια τῶν μὲν παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις οὐ λειπόμενα, τῆς δὲ τῶν προβασιλευσάντων μεγαλοψυχίας καὶ φιλοκαλίας οὐκ ἄξια.
And the founder of Memphis, after the construction of the mound and the lake, built a palace which, while not inferior to those of other men, was not worthy of the generosity and love of beauty shown by the kings who had ruled before him.
§1.51.2οἱ γὰρ ἐγχώριοι τὸν μὲν ἐν τῷ ζῆν χρόνον εὐτελῆ παντελῶς εἶναι νομίζουσι, τὸν δὲ μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν διʼ ἀρετὴν μνημονευθησόμενον περὶ πλείστου ποιοῦνται, καὶ τὰς μὲν τῶν ζώντων οἰκήσεις καταλύσεις ὀνομάζουσιν, ὡς ὀλίγον χρόνον ἐν ταύταις οἰκούντων ἡμῶν, τοὺς δὲ τῶν τετελευτηκότων τάφους ἀιδίους οἴκους προσαγορεύουσιν, ὡς ἐν ᾅδου διατελούντων τὸν ἄπειρον αἰῶνα·
For the natives consider the time spent in life to be utterly of no account, but they value most highly the time after death when they will be remembered for their virtue; and they call the dwellings of the living 'lodgings', as we dwell in them for only a short time, whereas they style the tombs of the dead 'eternal homes', as they continue to exist in Hades for an infinite age.
διόπερ τῶν μὲν κατὰ τὰς οἰκίας κατασκευῶν ἧττον φροντίζουσι, περὶ δὲ τὰς ταφὰς ὑπερβολὴν οὐκ ἀπολείπουσι φιλοτιμίας.
Therefore, they care less for the construction of their houses, but in what concerns their burials they leave no excess of ambition undone.
§1.51.3τὴν δὲ προειρημένην πόλιν ὀνομασθῆναί τινές φασιν ἀπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ κτίσαντος αὐτὴν βασιλέως.
And some say that the aforementioned city was named after the daughter of the king who founded it.
ταύτης δὲ μυθολογοῦσιν ἐρασθῆναι τὸν ποταμὸν Νεῖλον ὁμοιωθέντα ταύρῳ, καὶ γεννῆσαι τὸν ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ θαυμασθέντα παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις Αἴγυπτον, ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ τὴν σύμπασαν χώραν τυχεῖν τῆς προσηγορίας.
They tell in myth that the river Nile, having likened himself to a bull, fell in love with her and begat Aegyptus, who was admired among the natives for his virtue, and after whom the entire country also obtained its name.
§1.51.4διαδεξάμενον γὰρ τοῦτον τὴν ἡγεμονίαν γενέσθαι βασιλέα φιλάνθρωπον καὶ δίκαιον καὶ καθόλου σπουδαῖον ἐν πᾶσι· διὸ καὶ μεγάλης ἀποδοχῆς ἀξιούμενον ὑπὸ πάντων διὰ τὴν εὔνοιαν τυχεῖν τῆς προειρημένης τιμῆς.
For after succeeding to the sovereignty, he became a benevolent, just, and altogether excellent king in all things; wherefore, being deemed worthy of great acceptance by all because of his goodwill, he obtained the aforementioned honour.
§1.51.5μετὰ δὲ τὸν προειρημένον βασιλέα δώδεκα γενεαῖς ὕστερον διαδεξάμενος τὴν κατʼ Αἴγυπτον ἡγεμονίαν Μοῖρις ἐν μὲν τῇ Μέμφει κατεσκεύασε τὰ βόρεια προπύλαια, τῇ μεγαλοπρεπείᾳ πολὺ τῶν ἄλλων ὑπερέχοντα, ἐπάνω δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἀπὸ δέκα σχοίνων λίμνην ὤρυξε τῇ μὲν εὐχρηστίᾳ θαυμαστήν, τῷ δὲ μεγέθει τῶν ἔργων ἄπιστον· §1.51.6τὴν μὲν γὰρ περίμετρον αὐτῆς φασιν ὑπάρχειν σταδίων τρισχιλίων καὶ ἑξακοσίων, τὸ δὲ βάθος ἐν τοῖς πλείστοις μέρεσιν ὀργυιῶν πεντήκοντα· ὥστε τίς οὐκ ἂν ἀναλογιζόμενος τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ κατασκευάσματος εἰκότως ζητήσαι πόσαι μυριάδες ἀνδρῶν ἐν πόσοις §1.51.7ἔτεσι τοῦτο συνετέλεσαν;
And twelve generations after the aforementioned king, Moeris, succeeding to the sovereignty of Egypt, constructed in Memphis the northern gateways, which far surpassed the others in magnificence, and ten schoeni above the city he dug a lake wonderful in its utility and unbelievable in the magnitude of its works; for they say that its circumference is three thousand six hundred stades, and its depth in most parts is fifty fathoms; so that who, reflecting upon the magnitude of the construction, would not reasonably ask how many tens of thousands of men in how many years completed this?
τὴν δὲ χρείαν τὴν ἐκ ταύτης καὶ κοινωφελίαν τοῖς τὴν Αἴγυπτον οἰκοῦσιν, ἔτι δὲ τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπίνοιαν, οὐκ ἄν τις ἐπαινέσειε τῆς ἀληθείας ἀξίως.
But as for its utility and the common benefit derived from it for those who inhabit Egypt, and furthermore the design of the king, no one could praise them worthily of the truth.

Notes

  1. 1.51.2ὡς ὀλίγον ¦p.v.1.p.89¦ χρόνον ἐν ταύταις οἰκούντων ἡμῶν — A genitive absolute construction (ἡμῶν οἰκούντων) introduced by the conjunction ὡς, expressing a subjective reason or belief ('on the ground that...', 'regarding them as...'). The subsequent phrase ὡς ἐν ᾅδου διατελούντων likewise features a genitive absolute, with the genitive pronoun αὐτῶν (referring to the deceased) omitted.
  2. 1.51.3ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ τὴν σύμπασαν χώραν τυχεῖν τῆς προσηγορίας — Although this clause begins with the relative pronoun ἀφ' οὗ, its verb is in the accusative with infinitive construction (with τὴν σύμπασαν χώραν as the subject and τυχεῖν as the infinitive) because it is governed by indirect discourse depending on the main verb μυθολογοῦσιν ('they relate mythologically').
  3. 1.51.6ὥστε τίς οὐκ ἂν ... εἰκότως ζητήσαι — Embedded within the result clause introduced by ὥστε ('so that') is a rhetorical question utilizing the potential optative (ἄν with the optative ζητήσαι). Rather than expressing an actual, objective result, it conveys a strong conjectural and logical consequence: 'who would not reasonably ask?'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.51.1-1.51.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.51.1-1.51.7

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