§1.50.1ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ τῶν τεχνιτῶν ἐπινοίᾳ.
but also in the ingenuity of the craftsmen.
οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοί φασιν ἑαυτοὺς ἀρχαιοτάτους εἶναι πάντων ἀνθρώπων καὶ παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς πρώτοις φιλοσοφίαν τε εὑρῆσθαι καὶ τὴν ἐπʼ ἀκριβὲς ἀστρολογίαν, ἅμα καὶ τῆς χώρας αὐτοῖς συνεργούσης πρὸς τὸ τηλαυγέστερον ὁρᾶν τὰς ἐπιτολάς τε καὶ δύσεις τῶν ἄστρων.
On the other hand, the Thebans say that they themselves are the oldest of all men, and that philosophy and accurate astronomy were first discovered among them, since their land also co-operates with them in seeing more clearly the risings and settings of the stars.
§1.50.2ἰδίως δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ τοὺς μῆνας αὐτοῖς καὶ τοὺς ἐνιαυτοὺς διατετάχθαι.
And they say that the matters concerning the months and the years have also been arranged by them in a peculiar way.
τὰς γὰρ ἡμέρας οὐκ ἄγουσι κατὰ σελήνην, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν ἥλιον, τριακονθημέρους μὲν τιθέμενοι τοὺς μῆνας, πέντε δʼ ἡμέρας καὶ τέταρτον τοῖς δώδεκα μησὶν ἐπάγουσι, καὶ τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ τὸν ἐνιαύσιον κύκλον ἀναπληροῦσιν.
For they do not reckon the days by the moon, but by the sun, setting the months at thirty days, and they add five and a quarter days to the twelve months, and in this manner they complete the annual cycle.
ἐμβολίμους δὲ μῆνας οὐκ ἄγουσιν οὐδʼ ἡμέρας ὑφαιροῦσι, καθάπερ οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων.
But they do not introduce intercalary months nor subtract days, as most of the Greeks do.
περὶ δὲ τῶν ἐκλείψεων ἡλίου τε καὶ σελήνης ἀκριβῶς ἐπεσκέφθαι δοκοῦσι, καὶ προρρήσεις περὶ τούτων ποιοῦνται, πάντα τὰ κατὰ μέρος γινόμενα προλέγοντες ἀδιαπτώτως.
And they seem to have investigated accurately the eclipses of both the sun and the moon, and they make predictions about these, foretelling without error all the things that happen in detail.
§1.50.3τῶν δὲ τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως ἀπογόνων ὄγδοος ὁ προσαγορευθεὶς Οὐχορεὺς ἔκτισε πόλιν Μέμφιν, ἐπιφανεστάτην τῶν κατʼ Αἴγυπτον.
And the eighth descendant of this king, the one called Uchoreus, founded the city of Memphis, the most famous of those in Egypt.
ἐξελέξατο μὲν γὰρ τόπον ἐπικαιρότατον ἁπάσης τῆς χώρας, ὅπου σχιζόμενος ὁ Νεῖλος εἰς πλείονα μέρη ποιεῖ τὸ καλούμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος Δέλτα· διὸ καὶ συνέβη τὴν πόλιν εὐκαίρως κειμένην ἐπὶ τῶν κλείθρων εἶναι κυριεύουσαν τῶν εἰς τὴν ἄνω χώραν ἀναπλεόντων.
For he chose the most opportune site in the whole country, where the Nile, dividing into several parts, makes what is called "Delta" from its shape; wherefore it also happened that the city, being opportunely situated at the keys, was master of those sailing up into the upper country.
§1.50.4τὸ μὲν οὖν περίβολον τῆς πόλεως ἐποίησε σταδίων ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα, τὴν δʼ ὀχυρότητα καὶ τὴν εὐχρηστίαν θαυμαστήν, τοιῷδέ τινι τρόπῳ κατασκευάσας.
Now he made the circuit of the city one hundred and fifty stades, and made its strength and utility wonderful, having constructed it in some such manner.
§1.50.5ῥέοντος γὰρ τοῦ Νείλου περὶ τὴν πόλιν καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἀναβάσεις ἐπικλύζοντος, ἀπὸ μὲν τοῦ νότου προεβάλετο χῶμα παμμέγεθες, πρὸς μὲν τὴν πλήρωσιν τοῦ ποταμοῦ προβλήματος, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς πολεμίους ἀκροπόλεως ἔχον τάξιν· ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων μερῶν πανταχόθεν ὤρυξε λίμνην μεγάλην καὶ βαθεῖαν, ἣ τὸ σφοδρὸν τοῦ ποταμοῦ δεχομένη καὶ πάντα τὸν περὶ τὴν πόλιν τόπον πληροῦσα, πλὴν ᾗ τὸ χῶμα κατεσκεύαστο, §1.50.6θαυμαστὴν ἐποίει τὴν ὀχυρότητα.
For since the Nile flowed around the city and flooded it during the inundations, he threw up a huge mound from the south, having the character of a rampart against the flooding of the river, and the rank of an acropolis against enemies from the land; and from the other sides he dug a great and deep lake on all sides, which, receiving the violence of the river and filling all the space around the city except where the mound had been constructed, made its strength wonderful.
οὕτω δὲ καλῶς ὁ κτίσας αὐτὴν ἐστοχάσατο τῆς τῶν τόπων εὐκαιρίας ὥστε τοὺς ἑξῆς βασιλεῖς σχεδὸν ἅπαντας καταλιπόντας τὰς Θήβας τά τε βασίλεια καὶ τὴν οἴκησιν ἐν ταύτῃ ποιεῖσθαι.
And the one who founded it aimed so well at the opportuneness of the places that almost all the succeeding kings, leaving Thebes, made their palace and residence in this city.
διόπερ ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν χρόνων ἤρξατο ταπεινοῦσθαι μὲν τὰ περὶ τὰς Θήβας, αὔξεσθαι δὲ τὰ περὶ τὴν Μέμφιν, ἕως Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ βασιλέως· τούτου γὰρ ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ τὴν ἐπώνυμον αὐτῷ πόλιν οἰκίσαντος οἱ κατὰ τὸ ἑξῆς βασιλεύσαντες τῆς Αἰγύπτου πάντες ἐφιλοτιμήθησαν εἰς τὴν ταύτης αὔξησιν.
Wherefore, from these times, the affairs of Thebes began to decline, and those of Memphis to increase, until King Alexander; for after he had founded on the sea the city named after him, all those who reigned over Egypt in succession showed great ambition for its increase.
§1.50.7οἱ μὲν γὰρ βασιλείοις μεγαλοπρεπέσιν, οἱ δὲ νεωρίοις καὶ λιμέσιν, οἱ δʼ ἑτέροις ἀναθήμασι καὶ κατασκευάσμασιν ἀξιολόγοις ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἐκόσμησαν αὐτὴν ὥστε παρὰ τοῖς πλείστοις πρώτην ἢ δευτέραν ἀριθμεῖσθαι τῶν κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην πόλεων.
For some with magnificent palaces, others with dockyards and harbours, and others with other remarkable dedications and constructions, adorned it to such an extent that among most people it was numbered as the first or second of the cities in the inhabited world.
ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν ταύτης τὰ κατὰ μέρος ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις χρόνοις ἀναγράψομεν.
But concerning this city, we shall record the details in their proper times.