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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.49.1-1.49.6

The Sacred Library and Golden Circle of Osymandyas

Passage 50 of 406 · Greek

Summary

This section describes the inner facilities of the tomb of King Osymandyas, including the promenade, the sacred library, a luxurious chamber, and a massive golden calendar circle plundered by the Persians.

§1.49.1ἑξῆς δʼ ὑπάρχειν περίπατον οἴκων παντοδαπῶν πλήρη, καθʼ οὓς παντοῖα γένη βρωτῶν κατεσκευάσθαι τῶν πρὸς ἀπόλαυσιν ἡδίστων.
Next there is a promenade full of all kinds of rooms, in which are prepared all kinds of foods most pleasant for enjoyment.
§1.49.2καθʼ ὃν δὴ γλυφαῖς ἐντυχεῖν εἶναι καὶ χρώμασιν ἐπηνθισμένον τὸν βασιλέα, φέροντα τῷ θεῷ χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον, ὃν ἐξ ἁπάσης ἐλάμβανε τῆς Αἰγύπτου κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἐκ τῶν ἀργυρείων καὶ χρυσείων μετάλλων· ὑπογεγράφθαι δὲ καὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὃ συγκεφαλαιούμενον εἰς ἀργυρίου λόγον εἶναι μνῶν τρισχιλίας καὶ διακοσίας μυριάδας.
Along this, indeed, it is possible to encounter the king adorned with relief-carvings and colours, offering to the god gold and silver, which he received annually from the silver and gold mines of all Egypt; and its quantity is also inscribed beneath, which, when summed up into the value of silver, is thirty-two million minae.
§1.49.3ἑξῆς δʼ ὑπάρχειν τὴν ἱερὰν βιβλιοθήκην, ἐφʼ ἧς ἐπιγεγράφθαι Ψυχῆς ἰατρεῖον, συνεχεῖς δὲ ταύτῃ τῶν κατʼ Αἴγυπτον θεῶν ἁπάντων εἰκόνας, τοῦ βασιλέως ὁμοίως δωροφοροῦντος ἃ προσῆκον ἦν ἑκάστοις, καθάπερ ἐνδεικνυμένου πρός τε τὸν Ὄσιριν καὶ τοὺς κάτω παρέδρους ὅτι τὸν βίον ἐξετέλεσεν εὐσεβῶν καὶ δικαιοπραγῶν πρός τε ἀνθρώπους καὶ θεούς.
Next there is the sacred library, upon which is inscribed "Healing-place of the Soul", and adjacent to it are images of all the gods of Egypt, with the king likewise presenting gifts which were appropriate to each, as if showing to Osiris and the assessors below that he had completed his life behaving piously and justly toward both men and gods.
§1.49.4ὁμότοιχον δὲ τῇ βιβλιοθήκῃ κατεσκευάσθαι περιττῶς οἶκον εἰκοσίκλινον, ἔχοντα τοῦ τε Διὸς καὶ τῆς Ἥρας, ἔτι δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως εἰκόνας, ἐν ᾧ δοκεῖν καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ βασιλέως ἐντεθάφθαι.
Sharing a wall with the library, a room with twenty couches has been magnificently constructed, having images of Zeus and Hera, and also of the king, in which it is believed that the body of the king also has been buried.
§1.49.5κύκλῳ δὲ τούτου πλῆθος οἰκημάτων κατεσκευάσθαι γραφὴν ἐχόντων ἐκπρεπῆ πάντων τῶν καθιερωμένων ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ζῴων· ἀνάβασίν τε διʼ αὐτῶν εἶναι πρὸς ὅλον τὸν τάφον·
Around this, a multitude of chambers has been constructed, having excellent paintings of all the animals held sacred in Egypt; and through them there is an ascent to the entire tomb.
ἣν διελθοῦσιν ὑπάρχειν ἐπὶ τοῦ μνήματος κύκλον χρυσοῦν τριακοσίων καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε πηχῶν τὴν περίμετρον, τὸ δὲ πάχος πηχυαῖον· ἐπιγεγράφθαι δὲ καὶ διῃρῆσθαι καθʼ ἕκαστον πῆχυν τὰς ἡμέρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, παραγεγραμμένων τῶν κατὰ φύσιν γινομένων τοῖς ἄστροις ἀνατολῶν τε καὶ δύσεων καὶ τῶν διὰ ταύτας ἐπιτελουμένων ἐπισημασιῶν κατὰ τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ἀστρολόγους.
For those who have gone up this, there is upon the monument a golden circle of three hundred and sixty-five cubits in circumference and one cubit in thickness; and on each cubit are inscribed and divided the days of the year, with the natural risings and settings of the stars and the prognostications brought about by them being recorded beside them according to the Egyptian astrologers.
τοῦτον δὲ τὸν κύκλον ὑπὸ Καμβύσου καὶ Περσῶν ἔφασαν σεσυλῆσθαι καθʼ οὓς χρόνους ἐκράτησεν Αἰγύπτου.
And they said this circle was plundered by Cambyses and the Persians during the times when he conquered Egypt.
§1.49.6τὸν μὲν οὖν Ὀσυμανδύου τοῦ βασιλέως τάφον τοιοῦτον γενέσθαι φασίν, ὃς οὐ μόνον δοκεῖ τῇ κατὰ τὴν δαπάνην χορηγίᾳ πολὺ τῶν ἄλλων διενεγκεῖν,
Now they say that the tomb of King Osymandyas was of such a kind, which seems not only to have far surpassed others in the provision of expenditure,

Notes

  1. 1.49.2ἐντυχεῖν εἶναι — This represents the infinitive form of the impersonal construction ἐντυχεῖν ἔστιν ('it is possible to encounter') converted into the infinitive εἶναι within the indirect discourse.
  2. 1.49.3καθάπερ ἐνδεικνυμένου — The genitive participle accompanied by the conjunction καθάπερ ('as if') expresses the subjective purpose or alleged intention of the subject (the king).
  3. 1.49.5ἣν διελθοῦσιν ὑπάρχειν — The relative pronoun ἣν (referring to the ascent, ἀνάβασιν) is the object of the dative plural participle διελθοῦσιν, which refers to generalized visitors. This functions as a dative of reference or interest ('for those who have gone through it').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.49.1-1.49.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.49.1-1.49.6

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