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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.9.1-17.9.6

Theban Defiance and Preparations for the Siege

Passage 614 of 723 · Greek

Summary

In response to Alexander's unexpected arrival, the Thebans resolve to fight to the end; they counter the king's offer of peace with their own defiant proclamation, driving the infuriated king to prepare for the utter destruction of their city.

§17.9.1ἐπεὶ δʼ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀνελπίστως ἐκ τῆς Θρᾴκης ἧκε μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως, αἱ μὲν συμμαχίαι τοῖς Θηβαίοις δισταζομένην εἶχον τὴν παρουσίαν, ἡ δὲ τῶν πολεμίων δύναμις ὁμολογουμένην καὶ φανερὰν ἐποιεῖτο τὴν ὑπεροχήν.
Since the king had arrived unexpectedly from Thrace with his entire army, the arrival of the allied forces was a matter of doubt for the Thebans, while the army of the enemy made their superiority acknowledged and manifest.
τότε δὲ συνεδρεύσαντες οἱ ἡγεμόνες προεβουλεύσαντο περὶ τοῦ πολέμου καὶ πᾶσιν ἔδοξεν ὑπὲρ τῆς αὐτονομίας διαγωνίζεσθαι.
At that time, the leaders met in council and deliberated beforehand about the war, and it seemed best to all to fight to the end for their autonomy.
τοῦ δὲ πλήθους ἐπικυρώσαντος τὴν γνώμην ἅπαντες μετὰ πολλῆς προθυμίας εἶχον ἑτοίμως διακινδυνεύειν.
When the multitude ratified this decision, everyone, with great eagerness, was ready to face the danger.
§17.9.2ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἡσυχίαν ἦγε, διδοὺς μετανοίας χρόνον εἰς τὸ βουλεύσασθαι καὶ νομίζων μὴ τολμήσειν μίαν πόλιν πρὸς τηλικαύτην δύναμιν παρατάξασθαι.
The king at first remained quiet, granting them time for change of mind and deliberation, and believing that a single city would not dare to array itself against so great a force.
§17.9.3εἶχε γὰρ ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν πεζοὺς μὲν πλείους τῶν τρισμυρίων, ἱππεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἐλάττους τρισχιλίων, πάντας δʼ ἐνηθληκότας τοῖς πολεμικοῖς κινδύνοις καὶ συνεστρατευμένους Φιλίππῳ καὶ σχεδὸν ἐν πάσαις ταῖς μάχαις ἀηττήτους γεγονότας· ὧν δὴ ταῖς ἀρεταῖς καὶ προθυμίαις πεποιθὼς Ἀλέξανδρος ἐπεβάλετο καταλῦσαι τὴν τῶν Περσῶν ἡγεμονίαν.
For Alexander had at this time more than thirty thousand infantry and no fewer than three thousand cavalry, all of whom were well disciplined in the dangers of war, had campaigned with Philip, and had been undefeated in almost all their battles; relying on whose courage and eagerness, Alexander undertook to overthrow the empire of the Persians.
§17.9.4εἰ μὲν οὖν οἱ Θηβαῖοι τοῖς καιροῖς εἴξαντες διεπρεσβεύοντο πρὸς τοὺς Μακεδόνας ὑπὲρ εἰρήνης καὶ συνθέσεως, ἡδέως ἂν ὁ βασιλεὺς προσεδέξατο τὰς ἐντεύξεις καὶ πάντα ἂν ἀξιούμενος συνεχώρησεν· ἐπεθύμει γὰρ τὰς κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ταραχὰς ἀποτριψάμενος ἀπερίσπαστον ἔχειν τὸν πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας πόλεμον·
If, therefore, the Thebans, yielding to the circumstances, had sent envoys to the Macedonians for peace and agreement, the king would have gladly received their overtures and would have conceded everything they requested; for he desired to brush aside the disturbances in Greece and to keep the war against the Persians uninterrupted.
νῦν δὲ δόξας ὑπὸ τῶν Θηβαίων καταφρονεῖσθαι διέγνω τὴν πόλιν ἄρδην ἀνελεῖν καὶ τῷ φόβῳ τούτῳ τὰς ὁρμὰς τῶν ἀφίστασθαι τολμώντων ἀποτρέψαι.
But as it was, believing that he was held in contempt by the Thebans, he resolved to destroy the city utterly, and by this terror to turn away the impulses of those who dared to revolt.
§17.9.5διόπερ τὴν δύναμιν ἑτοίμην κατασκευάσας πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον ἐκήρυξε τὸν βουλόμενον Θηβαίων ἀπιέναι πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ μετέχειν τῆς κοινῆς τοῖς Ἕλλησιν εἰρήνης.
Therefore, having made his army ready for the danger, he proclaimed that any of the Thebans who wished might come to him and share in the common peace of the Greeks.
οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοι διαφιλοτιμηθέντες ἀντεκήρυξαν ἀπό τινος ὑψηλοῦ πύργου τὸν βουλόμενον μετὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως καὶ Θηβαίων ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ καταλύειν τὸν τῆς Ἑλλάδος τύραννον παριέναι πρὸς αὐτούς.
But the Thebans, acting with rival spirit, made a counter-proclamation from a certain high tower, that anyone who wished to liberate the Greeks with the Great King and the Thebans, and to overthrow the tyrant of Greece, should come to them.
§17.9.6ὅθεν Ἀλέξανδρος περιαλγὴς γενόμενος εἰς ὑπερβάλλουσαν ὀργὴν προῆλθεν καὶ πάσῃ τιμωρίᾳ τοὺς Θηβαίους μετελθεῖν ἔκρινεν.
Wherefore Alexander, being deeply pained, was driven to exceeding anger, and decided to pursue the Thebans with every punishment.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἀποθηριωθεὶς τὴν ψυχὴν μηχανάς τε πολιορκητικὰς συνεστήσατο καὶ τἄλλα πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον παρεσκευάζετο,
He, therefore, having grown savage in his soul, constructed siege engines and made all other preparations for the danger,

Notes

  1. 17.9.1δισταζομένην εἶχον τὴν παρουσίαν — A periphrastic construction where `ἔχω` is combined predicatively with the passive participle `δισταζομένην` (feminine accusative), meaning "had their arrival (`παρουσίαν`) doubted." This indicates that the arrival of the allied forces became highly uncertain.
  2. 17.9.4εἰ μὲν οὖν οἱ Θηβαῖοι τοῖς καιροῖς εἴξαντες διεπρεσβεύοντο πρὸς τοὺς Μακεδόνας ὑπὲρ εἰρήνης καὶ συνθέσεως, ἡδέως ἂν ὁ βασιλεὺς προσεδέξατο τὰς ἐντεύξεις καὶ πάντα ἂν ἀξιούμενος συνεχώρησεν — A contrary-to-fact conditional construction expressing a past unfulfilled hypothesis. The verb in the protasis, `διεπρεσβεύοντο` (imperfect), denotes a continuous past action or unfulfilled attempt, while the apodosis with `ἂν προσεδέξατο` and `ἂν συνεχώρησεν` (aorist with `ἄν`) represents the unfulfilled past results.
  3. 17.9.5τὸν βουλόμενον μετὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως καὶ Θηβαίων ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ καταλύειν τὸν τῆς Ἑλλάδος τύραννον παριέναι πρὸς αὐτούς — An accusative with infinitive construction introducing the content of the Thebans' counter-proclamation (`ἀντεκήρυξαν`). The substantivized participle `τὸν βουλόμενον` ('whoever wished') functions as the subject of the infinitive `παριέναι` ('to come forward/join'), carrying an indirect imperative force: 'that whoever wished... should come to them.'
  4. 17.9.6ἀποθηριωθεὶς τὴν ψυχὴν — A construction combining the passive participle `ἀποθηριωθεὶς` ('having been made wild/savage') with the accusative of respect (specification) `τὴν ψυχὴν` ('in his soul/mind'), meaning 'having grown savage in his soul' or 'infuriated.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.9.1-17.9.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.9.1-17.9.6

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