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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.71.1-17.71.8

Removal of Treasures and Description of Persepolis Citadel

Passage 676 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Alexander captures the citadel of Persepolis, acquiring a vast amount of treasure and gathering numerous pack animals to transport it. The text also describes the luxurious and sturdy architecture of the citadel, including its triple walls and the royal tombs.

§17.71.1ὁ δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος παρελθὼν εἰς τὴν ἄκραν παρέλαβε τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ θησαυρούς.
Alexander, having entered the citadel, took possession of the treasures in it.
οὗτοι δέ, ἀπὸ Κύρου τοῦ πρώτου Περσῶν βασιλεύσαντος μέχρι τῶν ὑποκειμένων καιρῶν ἠθροισμένων τῶν προσόδων, ἔγεμον ἀργυρίου τε καὶ χρυσίου· εὑρέθησαν γὰρ ἐν αὐτοῖς δώδεκα μυριάδες ταλάντων, εἰς ἀργυρίου λόγον αγομένου τοῦ χρυσίου.
These, since the revenues had been accumulated from Cyrus, the first to rule the Persians, down to the present times, were full of both silver and gold; for there were found in them one hundred and twenty thousand talents, the gold being calculated in terms of silver value.
§17.71.2βουλόμενος δὲ τῶν χρημάτων ἃ μὲν μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ κομίζειν πρὸς τὰς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον χρείας, ἃ δʼ εἰς Σοῦσα καταθέσθαι καὶ φυλάττειν ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει μετεπέμψατο ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος καὶ Μεσοποταμίας, ἔτι δʼ ἐκ Σούσων ἡμιόνων πλῆθος, τῶν μὲν ἀχθοφόρων, τῶν δὲ ζευγιτῶν, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καμήλους ἀχθοφόρους τρισχιλίας καὶ διὰ τούτων πάντα ἀπεκόμισεν εἰς τοὺς προκριθέντας τόπους· §17.71.3σφόδρα γὰρ ἀλλοτρίως ἔχων πρὸς τοὺς ἐγχωρίους ἠπίστει τε αὐτοῖς καὶ τὴν Περσέπολιν εἰς τέλος ἔσπευδε καταφθεῖραι.
And wishing to carry some of the money with himself for the needs of the war, and to deposit others in Susa and guard them in that city, he sent for a multitude of mules from Babylon and Mesopotamia, and also from Susa—some pack-animals and others draft-animals—and in addition to these, three thousand pack-camels, and through these he carried off everything to the selected places; for being extremely hostile toward the inhabitants, he distrusted them and hastened to destroy Persepolis utterly.
οὐκ ἀνοίκειον δʼ εἶναι νομίζομεν περὶ τῶν ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει βασιλείων διὰ τὴν πολυτέλειαν τῆς κατασκευῆς βραχέα διελθεῖν.
And we do not think it inappropriate to speak briefly about the palace in this city because of the luxury of its construction.
§17.71.4οὔσης γὰρ ἄκρας ἀξιολόγου περιείληφεν αὐτὴν τριπλοῦν τεῖχος, οὗ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀναλήμματι πολυδαπάνῳ κατεσκεύαστο καὶ τὸ ὕψος εἶχε πηχῶν ἑκκαίδεκα ἐπάλξεσι κεκοσμημένον, §17.71.5τὸ δὲ δεύτερον τὴν μὲν ἄλλην κατασκευὴν ὁμοίαν ἔχει τῷ προειρημένῳ, τὸ δʼ ὕψος διπλάσιον.
For as it was a remarkable citadel, a triple wall enclosed it, of which the first wall was built with a costly retaining wall and had a height of sixteen cubits, adorned with battlements; and the second had its other construction similar to the aforementioned, but its height was double.
ὁ δὲ τρίτος περίβολος τῷ σχήματι μέν ἐστι τετράπλευρος, τὸ δὲ τούτου τεῖχος ὕψος ἔχει πηχῶν ἑξήκοντα, λίθῳ σκληρῷ καὶ πρὸς διαμονὴν αἰωνίαν εὖ πεφυκότι κατεσκευασμένον.
The third enclosure was quadrilateral in shape, and its wall had a height of sixty cubits, constructed of hard stone well suited for eternal duration.
§17.71.6ἑκάστη δὲ τῶν πλευρῶν ἔχει πύλας χαλκᾶς καὶ παρʼ αὐτὰς σταυροὺς χαλκοῦς εἰκοσιπήχεις, οὓς μὲν πρὸς τὴν ἐκ τῆς θέας κατάπληξιν, ἃς δὲ πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν ἡρμοσμένας.
Each of the sides had bronze gates, and beside them bronze poles of twenty cubits, some fitted for inspiring awe by their sight, and others for security.
§17.71.7ἐν δὲ τῷ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς μέρει τῆς ἄκρας τέτταρα πλέθρα διεστηκὸς ὄρος ἐστὶν τὸ καλούμενον βασιλικόν, ἐν ᾧ τῶν βασιλέων ὑπῆρχον οἱ τάφοι.
On the eastern side of the citadel, at a distance of four plethra, there is a mountain called "the Royal Mountain", in which were the tombs of the kings.
πέτρα γὰρ ἦν κατεξαμμένη καὶ κατὰ μέσον οἴκους ἔχουσα πλείονας, ἐν οἷς σηκοὶ τῶν τετελευτηκότων ὑπῆρχον, πρόσβασιν μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἔχοντες χειροποίητον, ὑπὸ ὀργάνων δέ τινων χειροποιήτων ἐξαιρομένων τῶν νεκρῶν δεχόμενοι τὰς ταφάς.
For it was a sheer cliff, hollowed out, having several chambers in the middle, in which were the shrines of the deceased, having no man-made access, but receiving the burials as the corpses were raised by certain man-made machines.
§17.71.8κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἄκραν ταύτην ἦσαν καταλύσεις βασιλικαὶ καὶ στρατηγικαὶ πλείους πολυτελεῖς ταῖς κατασκευαῖς καὶ θησαυροὶ πρὸς τὴν τῶν χρημάτων παραφυλακὴν εὐθέτως κατεσκευασμένοι.
Along this citadel there were several royal and military lodgings, luxurious in their construction, and treasuries suitably constructed for the guarding of the treasures.

Notes

  1. 17.71.1εἰς ἀργυρίου λόγον ἀγομένου τοῦ χρυσίου — A genitive absolute construction with `τοῦ χρυσίου` as the subject and the passive present participle `ἀγομένου`. The phrase `εἰς ... λόγον` means "in terms of, at the ratio of," indicating that the value of gold was calculated in terms of silver.
  2. 17.71.6οὓς μὲν πρὸς τὴν ἐκ τῆς θέας κατάπληξιν, ἃς δὲ πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν ἡρμοσμένας — The masculine pronoun `οὓς` refers back to `σταυρούς` (masculine, "poles/posts"), while the feminine pronoun `ἃς` refers to `πύλας` (feminine, "gates"). The perfect passive participle `ἡρμοσμένας` is feminine plural accusative, agreeing grammatically with the closer feminine pronoun `ἃς` (or `πύλας`), but semantically it serves as the common predicate for both clauses.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.71.1-17.71.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.71.1-17.71.8

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