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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.70.1-17.70.6

Pillage and Destruction of Persepolis by the Macedonians

Passage 675 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Alexander permitted the Macedonians to plunder Persepolis, leading the soldiers to slaughter the men and fight greedily over the spoils. The city, once the most prosperous, was subjected to devastating destruction and plundering.

§17.70.1τὴν δὲ Περσέπολιν, μητρόπολιν οὖσαν τῆς Περσῶν βασιλείας, ἀπέδειξε τοῖς Μακεδόσι πολεμιωτάτην τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν πόλεων καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις ἔδωκεν εἰς διαρπαγὴν χωρὶς τῶν βασιλείων.
Alexander declared Persepolis, which was the capital of the Persian kingdom, to the Macedonians to be the most hostile of the cities in Asia, and gave it over to his soldiers for plunder, except for the palace.
§17.70.2πλουσιωτάτης δʼ οὔσης τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τῶν ἰδιωτικῶν οἴκων πεπληρωμένων ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων παντοίας εὐδαιμονίας οἱ Μακεδόνες ἐπῄεσαν τοὺς μὲν ἄνδρας πάντας φονεύοντες, τὰς δὲ κτήσεις διαρπάζοντες, πολλὰς μὲν τοῖς πλήθεσιν ὑπαρχούσας, κατασκευῆς δὲ καὶ κόσμου παντοίου γεμούσας.
Since the city was the wealthiest of those under the sun, and the private houses had been filled with all kinds of prosperity for many years, the Macedonians rushed in, slaughtering all the men and plundering the possessions, which were numerous for the common people and full of all kinds of furniture and ornaments.
§17.70.3ἔνθα δὴ πολὺς μὲν ἄργυρος διεφορεῖτο, οὐκ ὀλίγος δὲ χρυσὸς διηρπάζετο, πολλαὶ δὲ καὶ πολυτελεῖς ἐσθῆτες, αἱ μὲν θαλασσίαις πορφύραις, αἱ δὲ χρυσοῖς ἐνυφάσμασι πεποικιλμέναι, τοῖς κρατοῦσιν ἔπαθλα καθίσταντο.
There indeed much silver was carried off, and no small amount of gold was plundered, and many costly garments, some dyed with sea-purple and others embroidered with gold threads, became prizes for the victors.
τὰ δὲ μεγάλα καὶ κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην περιβόητα βασίλεια πρὸς ὕβριν καὶ παντελῆ φθορὰν ἀπεδέδεικτο.
And the great palace, famous throughout the inhabited world, was abandoned to insolence and utter destruction.
§17.70.4οἱ δὲ Μακεδόνες ἐνημερεύσαντες ταῖς ἁρπαγαῖς τὴν ἄπληστον τοῦ πλείονος ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ἐδύναντο πληρῶσαι.
But the Macedonians, though they spent the whole day in plundering, were unable to satisfy their insatiable desire for more.
§17.70.5τοσαύτη γὰρ ἦν τῆς πλεονεξίας ὑπερβολὴ κατὰ τὰς τούτων ἁρπαγὰς ὥστε καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους διαμάχεσθαι καὶ πολλοὺς ἀναιρεῖν τῶν τὰ πολλὰ τῆς ἁρπαγῆς ἐξιδιοποιουμένων· τινὲς δὲ τὰ πολυτελέστατα τῶν εὑρισκομένων τοῖς ξίφεσι διακόπτοντες τὰς ἰδίας ἀπεκόμιζον μερίδας, ἔνιοι δὲ τὰς τῶν ἐπιβαλλόντων τοῖς ἀμφισβητουμένοις χεῖρας ἀπέκοπτον, συνεκφερόμενοι τοῖς θυμοῖς·
For so great was the excess of greed in their plundering that they even fought with one another and killed many of those who were appropriating the greater part of the spoil; and some, cutting the most costly of the things found with their swords, carried off their own portions, while others, carried away by their rage, cut off the hands of those who were laying hold of the disputed items.
§17.70.6τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς κόσμοις πρὸς βίαν ἀπῆγον, τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν δουλαγωγοῦντες·
They dragged off the women by force along with their ornaments, enslaving the captives.
ἡ μὲν οὖν Περσέπολις ὅσῳ τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων ὑπερεῖχεν εὐδαιμονίᾳ, τοσοῦτον ὑπερεβάλετο τὰς ἄλλας τοῖς ἀτυχήμασιν.
Thus Persepolis, by as much as it had surpassed other cities in prosperity, by so much did it exceed them in its misfortunes.

Notes

  1. 17.70.2πλουσιωτάτης δʼ οὔσης — Genitive absolute construction. The feminine noun πόλεως ("city") is omitted and functions as the subject of the participle οὔσης, which is in parallel with καὶ τῶν ἰδιωτικῶν οἴκων πεπληρωμένων ("and the private houses being filled").
  2. 17.70.4ἐνημερεύσαντες — Active aorist participle of the verb ἐνημερεύω ("to spend the day"), derived from the prefix ἐν- and ἡμέρα. It has a concessive force ("although they spent the whole day in plundering") or circumstantial force.
  3. 17.70.6ὅσῳ ... τοσοῦτον — Correlative construction using the dative of degree of difference ὅσῳ and the adverbial accusative τοσοῦτον, indicating proportion ("by as much as ... by so much"). It emphasizes the proportional relationship between the city's former prosperity and its current misfortune.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.70.1-17.70.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.70.1-17.70.6

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