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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.72.1-17.72.6

Burning of the Palace of Persepolis Instigated by Thais

Passage 677 of 723 · Greek

Summary

During Alexander's victory banquet, a woman named Thais proposes burning down the Persian palace to avenge the destruction of Athens' acropolis, leading the intoxicated crowd to set the palace on fire.

§17.72.1ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος ἐπινίκια τῶν κατορθωμάτων ἐπιτελῶν θυσίας τε μεγαλοπρεπεῖς τοῖς θεοῖς συνετέλεσεν καὶ τῶν φίλων λαμπρὰς ἑστιάσεις ἐποιήσατο.
Alexander, performing celebratory sacrifices for his successes, offered magnificent sacrifices to the gods and held splendid banquets for his friends.
καὶ δή ποτε τῶν ἑταίρων εὐωχουμένων καὶ τοῦ μὲν πότου προβαίνοντος, τῆς δὲ μέθης προϊούσης κατέσχε λύσσα ἐπὶ πολὺ τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν οἰνωμένων.
And indeed, while his companions were feasting and the drinking was advancing, and drunkenness was increasing, a madness seized the minds of the intoxicated to a great degree.
§17.72.2ὅτε δὴ καὶ μία τῶν παρουσῶν γυναικῶν, ὄνομα μὲν Θαΐς, Ἀττικὴ δὲ τὸ γένος, εἶπεν κάλλιστον Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν πεπραγμένων ἔσεσθαι, ἐὰν κωμάσας μετʼ αὐτῶν ἐμπρήσῃ τὰ βασίλεια καὶ τὰ Περσῶν περιβόητα γυναικῶν χεῖρες ἐν βραχεῖ καιρῷ ποιήσωσιν ἄφαντα.
At that very time, one of the women present, named Thais, an Attic by birth, said that it would be the most beautiful of Alexander's achievements in Asia if he should join them in a revel and set fire to the palace, and if the hands of women should in a brief moment make the celebrated structures of the Persians disappear.
§17.72.3τούτων δὲ ῥηθέντων εἰς ἄνδρας νέους καὶ διὰ τὴν μέθην ἀλόγως μετεωριζομένους, ὡς εἰκός, ἄγειν τις ἀνεβόησε καὶ δᾷδας ἅπτειν καὶ τὴν εἰς τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἱερὰ παρανομίαν ἀμύνασθαι παρεκελεύετο.
When these things were spoken to young men and those who were unreasonably excited because of their drunkenness, as was natural, someone shouted to lead on and to light torches, and urged them to avenge the lawless outrage committed against the temples of the Greeks.
§17.72.4συνεπευφημούντων δὲ καὶ ἄλλων καὶ λεγόντων μόνῳ τὴν πρᾶξιν ταύτην προσήκειν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως συνεξαρθέντος τοῖς λόγοις πάντες ἀνεπήδησαν ἐκ τοῦ πότου καὶ τὸν ἐπινίκιον κῶμον ἄγειν Διονύσῳ παρήγγειλαν.
While others also cheered in agreement and said that this deed belonged to Alexander alone, and the king himself was carried away together with their words, they all leaped up from the drinking and gave orders to lead the triumphal revel in honor of Dionysus.
§17.72.5ταχὺ δὲ πλήθους λαμπάδων ἀθροισθέντος καὶ γυναικῶν μουσουργῶν εἰς τὸν πότον παρειλημμένων μετʼ ᾠδῆς καὶ αὐλῶν καὶ συρίγγων προῆγεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τὸν κῶμον, καθηγουμένης τῆς πράξεως Θαΐδος τῆς ἑταίρας.
Soon, a multitude of torches having been gathered, and female musicians having been received into the banquet with song, flutes, and panpipes, the king led the way to the revel, with the courtesan Thais leading the action.
§17.72.6αὕτη δὲ μετὰ τὸν βασιλέα πρώτη τὴν δᾷδα καιομένην ἠκόντισεν εἰς τὰ βασίλεια·
And she, first after the king, hurled her burning torch into the palace; and since the others did the same, quickly the entire area around the palace was consumed because of the magnitude of the flame.
καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ταὐτὰ πραξάντων ταχὺ πᾶς ὁ περὶ τὰ βασίλεια τόπος κατεφλέχθη διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς φλογὸς καὶ τὸ πάντων παραδοξότατον, τὸ Ξέρξου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως γενόμενον ἀσέβημα περὶ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν τῶν Ἀθηναίων μία γυνὴ πολῖτις τῶν ἀδικηθέντων ἐν παιδιᾷ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἔτεσι μετῆλθε τοῖς αὐτοῖς πάθεσιν.
And what was the most paradoxical of all, the impiety committed by Xerxes, the king of the Persians, against the acropolis of the Athenians, a single woman, a citizen of those who had been wronged, avenged in play many years later with the same sufferings.

Notes

  1. §17.72.2εἶπεν κάλλιστον ... ἔσεσθαι — An accusative-and-infinitive construction in indirect speech, where the subject of the infinitive `ἔσεσθαι` is an omitted neuter singular pronoun representing the entire action described in the subsequent conditional clause `ἐὰν κωμάσας...`. `κάλλιστον` is its predicate adjective.
  2. §17.72.3ἄγειν — A present infinitive used intransitively in the sense of "to march, go forward". It functions as an infinitive in indirect speech dependent on `ἀνεβόησε`, or practically as an infinitive of command (imperative infinitive).
  3. §17.72.6τὸ Ξέρξου ... ἀσέβημα ... μετῆλθε — The direct object of the verb `μετῆλθε` (aorist of `μετέρχομαι`, "to avenge") is the preceding noun phrase `τὸ ... γενόμενον ἀσέβημα` ("the impiety committed..."). The phrase `τὸ πάντων παραδοξότατον` at the beginning of the clause functions as an appositive to the whole situation.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.72.1-17.72.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.72.1-17.72.6

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