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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.55.1-17.55.6

Crossing of the Tigris and Approach to Darius

Passage 660 of 723 · Greek

Summary

While Darius despairs of peace, prepares his defenses, and dispatches Mazaeus, Alexander forces a highly difficult and dangerous crossing of the Tigris River, rests his troops, and encamps near the Persians.

§17.55.1Δαρεῖος δὲ τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀκούσας καὶ τὴν διὰ τῶν λόγων σύνθεσιν ἀπογνοὺς τὴν μὲν δύναμιν καθʼ ἡμέραν συνέταττε καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐν τοῖς κινδύνοις εὐηκοΐαν ἑτοίμην κατεσκεύαζε, τῶν δὲ φίλων Μαζαῖον μὲν μετὰ στρατιωτῶν ἐπιλέκτων ἐξαπέστειλε παραφυλάξοντα τὴν διάβασιν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τὸν πόρον προκαταληψόμενον, ἑτέρους δʼ ἐξέπεμψε τὴν χώραν πυρπολήσοντας διʼ ἧς ἀναγκαῖον ἦν διελθεῖν τοὺς πολεμίους· ἐνόμιζε γὰρ τῷ μὲν ῥεύματι τοῦ ποταμοῦ προβλήματι χρῆσθαι πρὸς τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν Μακεδόνων.
Darius, having heard the answers and having despaired of a settlement through negotiation, marshalled his force day by day and prepared it to be ready for obedience in times of danger; of his friends, he sent out Mazaeus with selected soldiers to guard the crossing of the river and to occupy the ford in advance, and he dispatched others to burn the land through which it was necessary for the enemy to pass; for he thought that he could use the current of the river as a barrier against the advance of the Macedonians.
§17.55.2τούτων δʼ ὁ μὲν Μαζαῖος ὁρῶν ἀδιάβατον ὄντα τὸν ποταμὸν διά τε τὸ βάθος καὶ τὴν σφοδρότητα τοῦ ῥεύματος τῆς μὲν τούτου φυλακῆς ἠμέλησε, τοῖς δὲ τὴν χώραν πυρπολοῦσι συνεργήσας καὶ πολλὴν γῆν διαφθείρας ὑπέλαβεν ἄβατον ἔσεσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις διὰ τὴν σπάνιν τῆς τροφῆς.
Of these, Mazaeus, seeing that the river was uncrossable due to both its depth and the violence of its current, neglected its defense, and having assisted those who were burning the land and having devastated much territory, he assumed that it would be impassable for the enemy because of the scarcity of food.
§17.55.3ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος παραγενόμενος πρὸς τὴν διάβασιν τοῦ Τίγρεως ποταμοῦ καὶ τὸν πόρον ὑπό τινων ἐγχωρίων μαθὼν διεβίβασε τὴν δύναμιν οὐ μόνον ἐπιπόνως, ἀλλὰ καὶ παντελῶς ἐπικινδύνως.
But Alexander, having arrived at the crossing of the Tigris River and having learned of the ford from some of the locals, led his force across, not only with great difficulty but also in complete danger.
§17.55.4τοῦ γὰρ πόρου τὸ μὲν βάθος ἦν ὑπὲρ τῶν μαστῶν, τοῦ δὲ ῥεύματος ἡ ὀξύτης πολλοὺς τῶν διαβαινόντων παρέσυρεν καὶ τὴν βάσιν τῶν σκελῶν παρῃρεῖτο, τό τε ῥεῦμα τοῖς ὅπλοις ἐμπῖπτον πολλούς τε παρέφερε καὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις κινδύνοις περιέβαλλεν.
For the depth of the ford was above the breasts, and the swiftness of the current swept away many of those crossing and deprived them of their footing; and the current, striking against their shields, carried many away and cast them into the ultimate dangers.
§17.55.5ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος πρὸς τὴν σφοδρότητα τοῦ ῥεύματος ἀντιμηχανώμενος παρήγγειλε πᾶσι τὰς χεῖρας ἀλλήλοις συμπλέκειν καὶ τὴν ὅλην τῶν σωμάτων πυκνότητα ποιεῖν ζεύγματι παραπλησίαν.
Alexander, devising a counter-measure against the violence of the current, ordered everyone to lock arms with one another and to make the density of their bodies as a whole similar to a bridge.
§17.55.6παραβόλου δὲ γενομένης τῆς διαβάσεως καὶ τῶν Μακεδόνων μόγις διασωθέντων τὴν μὲν ἡμέραν ταύτην προσανέλαβε τὴν δύναμιν, τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ συντεταγμένην ἔχων τὴν στρατιὰν προῆγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ σύνεγγυς γενόμενος τῶν Περσῶν κατεστρατοπέδευσεν.
The crossing having become hazardous and the Macedonians having with difficulty come through safely, he rested his force for this day; but on the next day, having his army marshalled, he advanced against the enemy, and having come near the Persians, he encamped.

Notes

  1. 17.55.1ἑτοίμην — The adjective ἑτοίμην is a predicative adjective agreeing with τὴν δύναμιν (the object of κατεσκεύαζε), meaning 'rendered [the force] ready for...'.
  2. 17.55.1προβλήματι — The infinitive χρῆσθαι takes the dative τῷ ... ῥεύματι as its object, with προβλήματι acting as a predicative dative ('as a barrier').
  3. 17.55.2ἄβατον ἔσεσθαι — An accusative and infinitive (A.C.I.) construction introduced by ὑπέλαβεν. The subject accusative of ἔσεσθαι is omitted but understood from the context as τὴν χώραν ('the land').
  4. 17.55.4παρῃρεῖτο — The verb παρῃρεῖτο (imperfect middle of παραιρέω, 'to take away') implies depriving the soldiers (omitted genitive or dative of interest) of their footing.
  5. 17.55.5παραπλησίαν — The adjective παραπλησίαν (accusative feminine singular agreeing with πυκνότητα) governs the dative ζεύγματι ('similar to a bridge').
  6. 17.55.6συντεταγμένην ἔχων — The combination of the perfect passive participle συντεταγμένην with ἔχων functions periphrastically or circumstantially, emphasizing the maintained state of readiness ('having his army marshalled').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.55.1-17.55.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.55.1-17.55.6

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